Summary

葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(G6PI)诱导RA小鼠中iNKT细胞的采用免疫治疗

Published: January 31, 2020
doi:

Summary

该协议使用G6PI混合肽构建类风湿关节炎模型,更接近CD4+T细胞和细胞因子中的人类类风湿性关节炎模型。高纯度不变天然杀伤性T细胞(主要是iNKT2),具有特定的表型和功能,通过体内诱导和体外纯化获得,用于采用免疫治疗。

Abstract

风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种复杂的慢性炎症性自身免疫性疾病。这种疾病的发病机制与不变的自然杀手T(iNKT)细胞有关。活性RA的患者存在较少的iNKT细胞,有缺陷的细胞功能,和Th1的极化过度。在这项研究中,使用hGPI325-339和hGPI469-483肽的混合物建立了RA动物模型。iNKT细胞通过体内诱导和体外纯化获得,然后输入RA小鼠进行采用免疫治疗。体内成像系统(IVIS)跟踪显示,iNKT细胞主要分布在脾脏和肝脏中。细胞治疗后的第12天,病情进展明显减缓,临床症状得到缓解,胸腺中iNKT细胞的丰度增加,胸腺中iNKT1的比例下降,TNF-α、IFN-α和IL-6水平下降。血清减少。iNKT细胞的接受免疫疗法恢复了免疫细胞的平衡,纠正了身体的过度炎症。

Introduction

风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种自身免疫性疾病,其特征是慢性、渐进性侵入性,发病率为0.5-1%,发病率为1,2。潜在的发病机制归因于自动反应CD4+CD8+T细胞的异常增殖,表现为CD4+IFN++和CD4+IL-17A+T细胞比例增加,CD4+IL-4+CD4+CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T细胞比例增加 因此,炎症细胞因子的分泌增加,过度的炎症反应破坏人体免疫系统的本生平衡和耐受功能。此外,穿透关节的助剂T淋巴细胞(Th)1细胞会加重炎症反应和关节损伤。因此,抑制过度的炎症反应和恢复免疫耐受性和免疫平衡是治疗RA3,4的关键。

iNKT细胞同时具有NK细胞和T细胞的功能和特性。iNKT细胞具有独特的、不变的T细胞受体(TCR)+链,具有有限的TCR+链表5,并识别抗原呈现细胞表面的主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)I类分子CD1d呈现的糖脂抗原。三三等人6日检测出大量iNKT细胞和功能缺陷,包括RA在内的许多自身免疫性疾病。Aurore等人7表明,iNKT细胞对维持自身免疫耐受性有积极作用,当iNKT细胞的数量和功能恢复时,疾病得到缓解。此外,Miellot-Gafsou等人8日发现,iNKT细胞不仅可使疾病发生,而且增加了疾病的进展。这些相互矛盾的结果表明,iNKT细胞是异质T细胞,不同子集的功能可能逆转。在RA的临床研究中,iNKT细胞的频率与疾病活性9的分数相关。结果还证实,在RA患者中,iNKT的频率降低,CD4+IFN-α+T细胞子集数量增加,炎症细胞因子IFN-α和TNF-α的分泌水平增加10,11。此外,Sharif等人12日调查了1型糖尿病(T1D),发现INKT细胞的选择性输注能调节炎症细胞因子IL-4的表达,保持免疫耐受性,并防止1型糖尿病的发展。因此,采用特定iNKT细胞的输注或针对iNKT细胞的活化可增加RA患者的iNKT细胞水平,这在RA治疗中是一个突破。

细胞免疫疗法目前备受关注,已广泛应用于癌症治疗。然而,iNKT细胞是罕见的,异质免疫调节细胞(只占PBMC总数的0.3%)13,这限制了潜在的临床应用。这些细胞主要分为三个亚群:1)iNKT1细胞,具有高表达的原发性白血病锌指蛋白(PLZF)和T-盒转录因子(T-bet);2) 具有PLZF和GATA结合蛋白3(GATA3)中间表达的iNKT2细胞;3)iNKT17细胞,具有PLZF和视网膜相关孤立核受体(ROR)的低表达,即分泌IFN-*、IL-4和IL-17 14。激活的iNKT细胞分泌Th1、Th2和Th17样细胞因子,这些细胞因子决定了iNKT细胞15的不同免疫调节作用。iNKT细胞各亚群特异性活化的免疫调节和免疫治疗效果不同。因此,选择具有抗炎功能的iNKT细胞(主要是iNKT2)的特定表型,以调节人体的免疫反应,可以纠正RA的免疫不平衡和免疫障碍。

建立理想的动物模型对RA发病机制的治疗和研究具有重要意义。目前,最常用的和成熟的动物模型包括胶原蛋白引起的关节炎,辅助性关节炎,酶性关节炎,和多糖引起的关节炎16-17。然而,没有一个模型可以完全模拟人类RA的所有特征。II型胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)是一种经典的关节炎模型。CIA是通过对II型胶原蛋白特异性单克隆抗体的小鼠进行免疫接种,反映该疾病模型的抗体依赖性。Benurs等人描述了一个对葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(G6PI)有全身免疫反应的模型,该模型在易感小鼠菌株18、19中诱导外周对称多关节炎。在这个模型中,关节炎的发展依赖于T细胞、B细胞和先天免疫18、19、20。Horikoshi21发现,在 CD4+ T 细胞和细胞因子(即 IL-6 和 TNF-α)方面,通过免疫 DBA/1 小鼠的 G6PI 多肽片段产生的 RA 模型比 CIA 模型更类似于人类 RA。为了增加对TCR识别部位的刺激作用,利用G6PI(hGPI325-339和hGPI469-483)的混合多肽片段对DBA/1小鼠进行免疫,以构建RA小鼠模型。这种方法的成功率可以很高,因为hGPI325-339和hGPI469-483是I-A q受限T细胞反应的免疫主导。因此,该模型可以模拟RA患者22CD4+T细胞和iNKT细胞缺陷的增殖。RA免疫病理学的基础研究为我国进一步深入研究奠定了基础。

Protocol

所有实验小鼠(共150只)为健康的雄性DBA/1小鼠,6~8周大(20.0~1.5克),在特定的无病原体(SPF)环境中饲养。建模前没有特殊处理。实验分为健康对照组(15只小鼠)、模型对照组(15只小鼠)和细胞治疗组(55只小鼠)。这项研究得到了河北大学动物福利伦理委员会的批准。 1. 构建疾病模型 复制 RA 动物模型 重量为1.75毫克的hG6PI 325-339和hG6PI 469-483碎片,并将其?…

Representative Results

关节指数得分和爪子厚度增加建模后。与对照组相比,RA模型组在建模后6天开始出现红色肿胀,逐渐加重。在14天,脚踝关节的红色肿胀达到顶峰,随后逐渐缓解。爪子的厚度变化类似(P < 0.05) (图 1)。 炎症细胞渗透在建模后显著增加。病理结果表明,RA模型小鼠脚踝间阴膜组织炎症细胞的渗透程度不同。高峰炎症发生在第14天后建模(<strong c…

Discussion

iNKT细胞是特殊的T细胞,桥接先天和适应性免疫,主要从CD4+/CD8+ 胸腺细胞开发。iNKT细胞具有不同的免疫调节功能,通过直接接触和分泌不同细胞因子23与其他免疫细胞相互作用,影响树突细胞(DC)、巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、B细胞、T细胞和NK细胞分化和发育2 4。β-GalCer是从海绵中提取的经典iNKT细胞特异性?…

Offenlegungen

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

本研究得到国家自然科学基金(国家自然科学基金)(81771755)、河北省高校科技重点研究项目(ZD2017009)和河北大学医学实验中心动物实验室的支持。我们感谢他们的支持。

Materials

Alexa Fluor 647 Mouse Anti-PLZF BD 563490 America
Anti-PE MicroBeads Miltenyi 130-048-801 Germany
Columns Miltenyi MS Germany
Cryogenic Centrifuge Beckman Allegra® X-15R America
DiR Thermo Fisher Scientific D12731 America
Embedding Center Tianjin Aviation Electromechanical Co., Ltd. BMJ-1 China
FITC Hamster Anti-Mouse TCR β Chain BD 553170 America
Flow cytometer BD Accuri C6 America
Freund's complete adjuvant Sigma F5881 America
hGPI325-339 (IWYINCFGCETHAML) Karebay Biochem 18062202 China
hGPI469-483 (EGNRPTNSIVFTKLT) Karebay Biochem 18062203 China
In Vivo Imaging System PerkinElmer caliper IVIS lumina II America
Ionomycin Calcium Cayman 10004974 America
KRN7000 AdipoGen AG-CN2-0013 America
Mouse CD1d Tetramer-PE MBL TS-MCD-1 Japan
Mouse percoll Solarbio P8620 China
Optical Microscope Olympus Olympus-II Japan
PerCP-CyTM5.5 Mouse anti-ROR-ϒt BD 562683 America
PerCP-CyTM5.5 Mouse anti-T-bet BD 561316 America
Pertussis toxin Sigma P7208 America
phorbol esters Cayman 10008014 America
Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer BD 555899 America
RPMI-1640 Biological Industries 01-100-1ACS Israel
Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines kit BD 560485 America
Ultramicrotome Leica Leica EM UC6 Germany

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Meng, M., Chen, S., Gao, X., Liu, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Dou, H., Li, W., Chen, D. Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice. J. Vis. Exp. (155), e60048, doi:10.3791/60048 (2020).

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