肺炎链球菌在鼻内殖民期间炎症反应的特征
Summary
描述了 肺炎链球菌 的鼻咽结肠化以及随后对附体或招募细胞的提取。该技术涉及冲洗鼻咽和收集流体通过鼻孔，并适应各种读数，包括微分细胞定量和分析的mRNA表达 原位。
Abstract
肺炎链球菌的鼻咽结肠是侵入肺部或血液的先决条件。这种生物体能够殖民鼻咽的粘膜表面，在那里它可以居住，繁殖，并最终克服宿主防御入侵到宿主的其他组织。在通常的下呼吸道中发现感染会导致肺炎。或者，细菌可以传播到血液中，导致细菌血症，这与高死亡率2有关，否则直接导致肺炎球菌脑膜炎的发展。了解鼻咽结肠的动能和免疫反应是S.肺炎感染模型的一个重要方面。
我们的小鼠内殖民化模型改编自人类模型3， 并被多个研究小组用于鼻咽4-7宿主病原体反应的研究。在模型的第一部分，我们使用 肺炎 的临床分离建立一个自我限制的细菌殖民化，类似于人类成人的运输事件。此处详细说明的程序包括准备细菌接种，然后通过通过鼻内管理途径传递接种库建立殖民化事件。在稳定状态下，居民巨噬细胞是鼻咽的主要细胞类型。通常，在未受感染的小鼠8中，淋巴细胞很少，但粘膜结肠会导致低至高档炎症（取决于细菌物种和菌株的毒性），从而产生免疫反应，并随后招募宿主免疫细胞。这些细胞可以通过气管内含物的厕所进行分离，并与殖民化细菌的密度相关，以更好地了解感染的动能。
Protocol
在开始之前：除非另有说明，否则所有步骤均在生物危害 2 级 （BSL2） 生物安全柜 （BSC） 中完成。请确保在开始实验之前，您已获得适当的生物危害批准，以便根据机构指南使用传染性细菌病原体。此外，请确保您拥有进行事先准备的程序所需的所有材料和试剂。这些实验中使用的老鼠包括杰克逊实验室、查尔斯河或塔科尼奇的雌性C57BL/6小鼠，年龄在10-14周（尽管我们尚未发现鼻腔…
Representative Results
图 1 表示概述示意图，总结了协议的主要步骤。 图2-3 提供了本文所述协议所固有的微生物方法的可视化。 图4 表示小鼠进行鼻内殖民化的正确定位，而 图5 则描绘了与 S.肺炎 菌株P1547结肠的小鼠体重的典型变化。 图6-7 表示过程鼻腔熔洗部分的特定阶段，用于辅助可视化这两种技术。 图8-11 包括对从鼻腔清洗后从…
Discussion
在这项研究中，我们提出了使用 肺炎链球菌 临床分离菌株的小鼠的鼻内结肠的详细方法，以及随后针对细菌招募到鼻咽的免疫细胞的隔离和特征。我们演示了如何在营养丰富的介质中培养细菌，并用于在小鼠中建立殖民活动，最初仅限于鼻咽。然后，我们展示了如何通过使用罐装针头，在气管暴露、切口和鼻腔熔洗后分离出招募到鼻咽的免疫细胞类型。鼻腔熔岩样本可在PBS中采集，以分?…
Offenlegungen
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
作者要感谢宾夕法尼亚大学的杰弗瑞·韦瑟博士赠送肺炎 链球菌临床菌株。这项工作由加拿大卫生研究所资助。简历由M.G.德格罗特奖学金和加拿大胸科学会的奖学金资助。这项工作由安大略肺脏协会和加拿大卫生研究所（CIHR）资助。鲍迪什实验室的工作部分得到了迈克尔·德格罗特传染病研究中心和麦克马斯特免疫学研究中心的支持。
Materials
| Name of Reagent/Material | Company | Catalog Number | |
| Anti-Mouse Ly6C FITC | BD Pharmingen | 553104 | |
| Anti-Mouse Ly6G PE | BD Pharmingen | ||
| Anti-Mouse CD45.1 eFluor 450 | eBioscience | 48-0453-82 | |
| Anti-Mouse F4/80 Antigen APC | eBioscience | 17-4801-82 | |
| Anti-Mouse CD11c PerCP-Cy5.5 | eBioscience | 45-0114-82 | |
| Anti-Mouse CD11b PE-Cy7 | eBioscience | 25-0112-82 | |
| Anti-Mouse CD3 Alexa Fluor 700 | eBioscience | 56-0032-82 | |
| Anti-Mouse CD4 eFluor 605NC | eBioscience | 93-0041-42 | |
| Intramedic Polyethylene Tubing – PE20 | Becton Dickinson | 427406 | |
| BD 1ml Syringe | Becton Dickinson | 309659 | |
| BD 26G3/8 Intradermal Bevel | Becton Dickinson | 305110 | |
| Buffer RLT Lysis Buffer | Qiagen | 79216 | |
| Difco Tryptic Soy Agar | Becton Dickinson | 236950 | |
| Defibrinated Sheep Blood | PML Microbiologicals | A0404 | |
| RNAqueous-Micro Kit | Ambion | AM1931 | |
| M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase | New England Biolabs | M0253L | |
| GoTaq qPCR Master Mix | Promega | A6001 |
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Puchta, A., Verschoor, C. P., Thurn, T., Bowdish, D. M. E. Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Vis. Exp. (83), e50490, doi:10.3791/50490 (2014).