Blood plasma contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. Proteins comprise about 7% of blood plasma. Of these, higher molecular weight proteins — albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens — form a significant fraction. Albumins make up about 60% of plasma proteins. They prevent excessive water leakage from the blood vessels, maintaining osmotic balance. Globulins, the second most abundant proteins, are broadly divided into alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. The alpha and beta globulins act as transport proteins for lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamins, while gamma globulins are the immunoglobulins released by plasma cells. Fibrinogen precipitates into insoluble fibrin, creating a mesh that traps blood cells, platelets, and proteins, aiding clot formation upon injury. Lastly, a small fraction of plasma proteins consists of regulatory molecules like enzymes and hormones. Besides proteins, plasma contains various solutes, such as electrolytes, respiratory gasses, organic nutrients like carbohydrates, and waste products like urea and creatinine.