Weather is defined as short-term atmospheric conditions, such as temperature or precipitation, in a region. Climate is exactly the same conditions, but over extended periods. Global climate refers to the same variables that are analyzed and complied across the entire planet, such as the global average temperature.
Greenhouse effect is trapping of heat on earth’s surface and the lower atmosphere by certain atmospheric gases.
Carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, and methane are some of the important greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide levels increase significantly due to human activity.
One consequence is rising sea levels due to “albedo effect”. Also, oceans become more acidic by absorbing carbon dioxide. Moreover, species that cannot move to more favorable habitats and cannot adapt to the global warming-induced changes in their environments face extinction.
We can study the range shifts of species in relation to a variety of environmental conditions. We can also model future changes by looking at fossil records from historical environmental and climate events and other times.