Chapter 8
Cellular Respiration
![Introduction to Cellular Respiration](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10976.jpg)
Organisms harvest energy from food, but this energy cannot be directly used by cells. Cells convert the energy stored in nutrients into a more usable…
![What is Glycolysis?](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10737.jpg)
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the…
![Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10739.jpg)
Glycolysis is divided into two phases based on whether energy is utilized or released. While the first phase consumes ATP, the second phase produces…
![Outcomes of Glycolysis](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11006.jpg)
Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler…
![The Citric Acid Cycle](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10741.jpg)
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three…
![Products of the Citric Acid Cycle](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10977.jpg)
The cells of most organisms—including plants and animals—obtain usable energy through aerobic respiration, the oxygen-requiring version…
![Chemiosmosis](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10743.jpg)
Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that…
![Electron Carriers](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10744.jpg)
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be…
![High-resolution Respirometry to Assess Mitochondrial Function in Permeabilized and Intact Cells](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/54985_t.png)
A high-resolution oxygraph is a device for measuring cellular oxygen consumption in a closed-chamber system with very high resolution and sensitivity…
![An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/54918_t.png)
An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes
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Lymphocytes respond to a variety of stimuli by activating intracellular signaling pathways, which in turn leads to rapid cellular proliferation,…