We describe the design and assembly of miniaturized headphones suitable for replacing a songbird’s natural auditory feedback with a manipulated acoustic signal. Online sound processing hardware is used to manipulate song output, introduce real-time errors in auditory feedback via the headphones, and drive vocal motor learning.
Hoffmann, L. A., Kelly, C. W., Nicholson, D. A., Sober, S. J. A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds. J. Vis. Exp. (69), e50027, doi:10.3791/50027 (2012).