如何在fNIRS超扫描研究中计算和验证脑间同步
Özet
当个体的耦合大脑相互协调时，它们越来越多地由脑间同步（IBS）表示，主要使用与fNIRS同时记录大脑的信号（即超扫描）。在fNIRS超扫描研究中，IBS通常通过小波变换相干（WTC）方法进行评估，因为它在将时间序列扩展到时频空间方面具有优势，其中振荡可以以高度直观的方式看到。观察到的IBS可以通过试验，伴侣和条件的基于排列的随机配对来进一步验证。在这里，提出了一个方案来描述如何通过fNIRS技术获取脑信号，通过WTC方法计算IBS，并在超扫描研究中通过排列验证IBS。此外，我们还讨论了使用上述方法时的关键问题，包括fNIRS信号的选择，数据预处理方法以及可选的计算参数。总之，使用WTC方法和排列是在fNIRS超扫描研究中分析IBS的潜在标准管道，有助于IBS的再现性和可靠性。
Abstract
当个体的耦合大脑相互协调时，它们越来越多地由脑间同步（IBS）表示，主要使用与fNIRS同时记录大脑的信号（即超扫描）。在fNIRS超扫描研究中，IBS通常通过小波变换相干（WTC）方法进行评估，因为它在将时间序列扩展到时频空间方面具有优势，其中振荡可以以高度直观的方式看到。观察到的IBS可以通过试验，伴侣和条件的基于排列的随机配对来进一步验证。在这里，提出了一个方案来描述如何通过fNIRS技术获取脑信号，通过WTC方法计算IBS，并在超扫描研究中通过排列验证IBS。此外，我们还讨论了使用上述方法时的关键问题，包括fNIRS信号的选择，数据预处理方法以及可选的计算参数。总之，使用WTC方法和排列是在fNIRS超扫描研究中分析IBS的潜在标准管道，有助于IBS的再现性和可靠性。
Introduction
当人们与他人协调时，他们的大脑和身体通过不断的相互适应成为一个耦合单元。大脑之间的耦合可以通过超扫描方法通过脑间同步（IBS）来表示，该方法同时记录两个或多个个体的大脑信号1。事实上，越来越多的fNIRS/EEG超扫描研究发现IBS在各种协作环境中，包括手指敲击2，团体行走3，打鼓4，吉他演奏5和唱歌/哼唱6。fNIRS广泛用于社交互动期间IBS的研究，因为它在相对自然的环境中（与fMRI / EEG相比）对头部/身体运动的限制较小7。
本文提出了一种在fNIRS超扫描研究中通过小波变换相干性（WTC）方法计算IBS的协议。WTC是一种在时频平面上评估两个运动信号之间互相关的方法，因此可以提供比传统相关分析（例如，皮尔逊相关和互相关）更多的信息，后者仅在时域8中。此外，血液动力学信号被转换成小波分量，可以有效地消除低频噪声。虽然WTC很耗时，但它一直是最常用的计算IBS的方法，模仿9，合作行为10，口头交流11，决策12和互动学习13。
本文还介绍了如何通过基于排列的试验、条件和参与者的随机平价来验证 IBS。超扫描研究中的IBS总是被提出来跟踪个体之间的在线社交互动，同时也可以通过其他解释来解释，例如刺激相似性，运动相似性或条件相似性14。排列检验，也称为随机化检验，可以通过对观测到的数据15进行重采样来利用来检验上述零假设。通过使用排列，调查已识别的IBS是否特定于交互行为是有用的，从二元组内的IBS调制到伴侣组16之间。
这里描述的协议详细介绍了如何通过fNIRS技术获取脑信号，通过WTC方法计算IBS，以及如何通过超扫描研究中的排列测试来验证IBS。本研究旨在研究在社会协调过程中，音乐仪表是否引发了特权IBS。根据先前发现中IBS的位置，在额叶皮层中记录了大脑信号1。这个实验任务最初是由Konvalinka和她的17大学开发的，参与者被要求在听完仪表或非仪表刺激后，用伴侣或他们自己的听觉反馈敲击手指。
Protocol
这里提出的方案得到了华东师范大学人类研究保护委员会的批准。 1. 实验准备 参与者 通过校园广告招收一批本科生和研究生，并给予金钱补偿。 确保参与者是右撇子，并且具有正常或矫正至正常的视力和听力。确保他们没有学习过音乐或学习音乐的时间少于3年。 随机匹配二元组的学生。为了控制伴侣熟悉度对社会协调的潜在影响<sup class="xref"…
Representative Results
结果表明，在仪表协调条件下，通道5处存在IBS，而在其他条件下（即仪表独立性，非仪表协调性，非仪表独立性;图 2A）。在通道5处，仪表协调条件下的IBS明显高于非仪表协调和仪表独立条件下的相干值（图2B）。通道5大致属于左背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC;布罗德曼区9）。此外，排列分析表明，观察到的IBS可能出现在一个二元组的两个个体中，他们试图…
Discussion
该协议提供了一个分步程序来计算和验证IBS，使用fNIRS超扫描方法同时收集两个参与者的大脑信号。下面讨论 fNIRS 数据预处理、IBS 计算、统计和 IBS 验证中涉及的一些关键问题。
数据预处理
有必要在超扫描研究中预处理fNIRS数据，以便从可能的噪声（即运动伪影，系统组件）中提取真实信号。虽然在早期的fNIRS超扫描研究中，在分析IBS时跳过了预处理10，32，33?…
Açıklamalar
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
本研究由国家自然科学基金（31872783、31800951）资助。
Materials
| Computer | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | HP S01-pF157mcn | |
| Earphone | Royal Philips Electronics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands | SHE2405BK/00 | |
| EEG cap | Compumedics Neuroscan, Charlotte, USA | 64-channel Quik-Cap | |
| E-Prime software | Psychology Software Tools, Inc., Pittsburgh, USA | E-Prime 3 | |
| fNIRS system | Hitachi Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan | ETG-7100 Optical Topography System | |
| MATLAB 2014b | The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA | MATLAB 2014b | |
| MuseScore | Musescore Company, Belgium | MuseScore 3.6.2.548021803 | |
| Swimming cap | Decathlon Group, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France | 1681552 |
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Bu Makaleden Alıntı Yapın
Hu, Y., Wang, Z., Song, B., Pan, Y., Cheng, X., Zhu, Y., Hu, Y. How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study. J. Vis. Exp. (175), e62801, doi:10.3791/62801 (2021).