Un Tailored HPLC purificazione protocollo che i rendimenti di elevata purezza beta-amiloide 42 e beta amiloide 40 peptidi, in grado di Oligomer Formazione
Özet
Herein we report a tailored HPLC purification protocol that yields high-purity amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) peptides, capable of oligomer formation. Amyloid beta is a highly aggregation prone, hydrophobic peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The amyloidogenic nature of the peptide makes its purification a challenge.
Abstract
Amyloidogenic peptides such as the Alzheimer’s disease-implicated Amyloid beta (Aβ), can present a significant challenge when trying to obtain high purity material. Here we present a tailored HPLC purification protocol to produce high-purity amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) peptides. We have found that the combination of commercially available hydrophobic poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) stationary phase, polymer laboratory reverse phase – styrenedivinylbenzene (PLRP-S) under high pH conditions, enables the attainment of high purity (>95%) Aβ42 in a single chromatographic run. The purification is highly reproducible and can be amended to both semi-preparative and analytical conditions depending upon the amount of material wished to be purified. The protocol can also be applied to the Aβ40 peptide with identical success and without the need to alter the method.
Introduction
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that effects over 35 million people worldwide.1 Implicated strongly in the onset and development of the disease, is the highly aggregation prone, hydrophobic peptide Amyloid beta (Aβ).2 Aβ ranges from 36 to 43 amino acids in length, however, it is thought that the 42-amino acid variant, amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), is the most toxic form of the protein.3 This is due in most part to the ability of Aβ42 to readily form diffusible, oligomeric species that are believed to be particularly neurotoxic entities.4 In order to further our understanding of the Aβ peptide, it is essential to routinely obtain high purity material. The presence of trace impurities has been shown to dramatically alter the aggregation propensity properties of the peptide.5
Traditionally, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of hydrophobic peptides such as Aβ has been done through the use of a combination of C4 or C8 silica-based stationary phases and an acidic mobile phase.6 However, such conditions can present a challenge to the purification of the peptide. The low isoelectric point of the Aβ peptide (pI approximately 5.5)7 means that under acidic conditions, peptide aggregation is increased and as a result broad, non-resolved HPLC peaks that are often difficult to isolate are produced (Figure 2A). Furthermore, such broad peaks often contain impurities which may impact the aggregation profile of the peptide, and commonly require subsequent rounds of purification which can dramatically impact the amount of peptide produced.
The poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) stationary phase, PLRP-S, represents an alternative means of purifying hydrophobic peptides. The stationary phase has been employed in the purification of a number of different proteins and messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA).8,9 The PLRP-S stationary phase requires no additional alkyl ligand for reverse phase separation, and more importantly is chemically stable at high pH which leads to deaggregation of the peptide.7 Herein, we report a tailored HPLC purification protocol that yields high purity amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) peptides.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
The HPLC purification of the Aβ peptide is highly dependent upon the choice of both the stationary phase employed in the purification and the mobile phase chosen to elute the peptide. The low isoelectric point of the peptide and high propensity for aggregation render traditional chromatographic conditions for the separation of hydrophobic proteins (C4 or C8 stationary phase coupled with an acidic mobile eluent) challenging, with the Aβ peptide eluting as a prolonged broad, non-resolved peak (Figure 2A</…
Açıklamalar
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Agilent for their technical assistance. Kate Markham and Rafael Palomino are credited for their initial help in the synthesis and purification of the Aβ peptide and Dr Hsiau-Wei Lee is thanked for his help in preparing Figure 1 of the manuscript.
Materials
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II quarternary pump | Agilent | G7111B | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-pumps-vacuum-degassers/1260-infinity-ii-quaternary-pump |
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II Dual variable wavelength detector | Agilent | G7114A | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-detectors/1260-infinity-ii-variable-wavelength-detector |
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II Manual Injector fitted with 10 mL stainless steel sample loop | Agilent | 0101-1232 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-injection-systems/1260-infinity-ii-manual-injector |
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II Manual Injector fitted with 20 µL stainless steel sample loop | Agilent | G1328C | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-injection-systems/1260-infinity-ii-manual-injector |
| Ring Stand Mounting Bracket | Agilent | 1400-3166 | |
| PEEK Tubing Blue (1/32" outer diameter х 0.010" internal diameter) | Thermo Scientific | 03-050-399 | |
| Agilent PLRP-S 300Å 8µm 25 х 300 mm column (Preparative) | Agilent | PL1212-6801 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-columns/biomolecule-separations/plrp-s-for-biomolecules#features |
| Agilent PLRP-S 300Å 8µm 7.5 х 300 mm (Semi-Preparative) | Agilent | PL1112-6801 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-columns/biomolecule-separations/plrp-s-for-biomolecules#features |
| Agilent PLRP-S 300Å 5 µm 4.6 x 250 mm (Analytical) | Agilent | PL1512-5501 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-columns/biomolecule-separations/plrp-s-for-biomolecules#features |
| Aβ42 or Aβ40 peptide | Synthesized in-house using a CEM liberty automated peptide synthesizer. | ||
| Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH, 28% solution) | Fisher Scientific | A669-500 | |
| Acetonitrile | Fisher Scientific | A998-4 | |
| HPLC grade water | Fisher Scientific | W5-4 | |
| Falcon 50 ml conical centrifuge tube | Fisher Scientific | 14-954-49A | |
| Supelco PEEK Fitting One-piece fingertight, pkg of 5 ea | Sigma-Aldrich | Z227250 | |
| Normject 5cc sterile syringe | Fisher Scientific | 1481729 | |
| 16 Gauge SS Needle | Rheodyne | 3725-086 |
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