Consider a point mass m of charge Q moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field B. The Lorentz force's magnitude is constant and is always perpendicular to its velocity. So, it cannot change the velocity's magnitude, only its direction. Hence, the particle's path is a circle with a radius r. Using Newton's second law of motion, the Lorentz force equals the centripetal force. Thus, the circle's radius is calculated. The time period T of the particle's circular path is the circumference by speed. Substituting the value of r, T is obtained. If the velocity is not perpendicular to the magnetic field, the component parallel to the magnetic field remains unaffected, thus producing a constant motion along the magnetic field. Hence, the particle moves in a helical path. In the formula for the radius, the perpendicular component of the velocity is substituted. Since T is independent of the speed, it remains the same. Its pitch is defined as the distance between adjacent turns, given by the product of the parallel component of the velocity and period.