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Neuroscience

マウスの主なオリゴデンドロ サイトの特異的・迅速免疫分離

Published: May 21, 2018
doi:
10.3791/57543
, ,
1Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology,State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 2Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation,University of Illinois at Chicago

Summary

体外培養の細胞の迅速かつ特定の分離を可能にするプライマリ マウス オリゴデンドロ サイトの免疫隔離について述べる。

Abstract

効率的で堅牢な分離とプライマリ オリゴデンドロ サイト (OLs) の文化はオリゴデンドログリアの開発だけでなく、多発性硬化症などの疾患を脱髄の生物学の生体外で研究のための貴重なツールとPelizaeus メルツバッハー様疾患 (PMLD)。ここでは、単純な効率的な選択方法の免疫隔離のためステージ 3 O4+ preoligodendrocytes 細胞新生仔マウスの子犬。未熟な OL が、80% 以上の生後 7 日目で齧歯動物脳白質 (P7) この分離方法だけでなく細胞高利回りを保証も既に別個の系統にコミット OLs の特定の分離を構成するので減少、アストロ サイトなど汚染細胞とマウスの脳から他の細胞を分離することの可能性。このメソッドは、以前、報告方法の変更です、オリゴデンドロ サイト準備純度約 4 時間で 80% 以上を提供します。

Introduction

オリゴデンドロ サイト (OLs) は、中枢神経系 (CNS)1の髄の細胞です。分離と規制の厳しい環境でプライマリ オリゴデンドロ サイトの文化はオリゴデンドログリアの開発だけでなく、脱髄疾患多発性硬化症2 などの生物の生体外で研究のための貴重なツール.これは、効率的で堅牢なオリゴデンドロ サイト分離と培養法3を必要があります。本研究では迅速かつ具体的変更された分離手法を実装する、特徴的なオリゴデンドロ サイト細胞の表面マーカーの発現を利用をしました。

成熟オリゴデンドロ サイトの 4 つの明瞭な段階を識別されている、各各発育ステージ (図 1) 特徴的な細胞表面マーカーの発現が特徴します。これらの細胞の表面のマーカー抗体4、5、によって認識することができます、特定の段階で最小二乗法を分離する使用ことができます。最初の段階では、オリゴデンドロ サイト前駆細胞 (Opc) は増殖、移行、および具体的にはエクスプレス ・血小板由来成長因子受容体 (PDGF-Rα)6, ガングリオシド A2B5, プロテオグリカン NG27,8 能力を持っています。、ポリシアル酸神経細胞接着分子9および脂肪酸酸結合タンパク質 7 (FABP7)10。Opc 神経前駆細胞11の特徴である細胞体の反対の極から発せられるいくつかの短いプロセスとバイポーラの形態があります。

Figure 1
図 1: マウス オリゴデンドロ サイト開発時にセル表面のマーカーの表現。A2B5、GalC (O1)、NG2、O4、PDGF Rα は具体的には特定の抗体を使用して、特定の発達段階でオリゴデンドロ サイトを分離する使用ことができますよう、OLs セル表面のマーカーです。  この図の拡大版を表示するのにはここをクリックしてください。

第二段階で Opc preoligodendrocytes に上昇を与えるし、細胞膜で OPC マーカーだけでなく、O4 抗体12,13、14GPR17 蛋白質によって認識されるスルファチド (硫酸化 galactolipid)未熟なオリゴデンドロ サイト (OL) 段階まで主張します。この段階では、preoligodendrocytes は、多極短いプロセスを拡張します。Preoligodendrocytes 生後 2 (P2) で主要な段階の OL は未熟な最小二乗法15のマイナーな人口を持つラットおよびマウスの大脳白質します。

第 3 段階では、未熟な OLs 続行 O4 を表現し A2B5 と NG2 マーカーの発現を失う、galactocerebroside C16を表現し始めます。この段階で OLs は別個の系統にコミットしているし、長い分岐し枝17,18と分裂後の細胞になります。未熟な OL が P7 で齧歯動物の白質の 80% 以上を構成して、この時点で最初の MBP+細胞は15,19,20,21が観察されます。したがって、P7 で OLs の分離は、高細胞収量を確保できます。

OL 開発の最後、第 4 段階で成熟した OLs エクスプレス髄蛋白質 (ミエリン塩基性タンパク質 (MBP)、ミエリンプロテオリピドタンパク質 (PLP)、関連付けられているミエリン糖タンパク質 (MAG) とミエリン オリゴデンドロ サイト糖タンパク質 (モグ)22,23 ,24,25,26。この段階で成熟した最小二乗法は、軸索の周り鞘を enwrapping フォーム最適化される膜を拡張し、脳内を活性化することができます。これは、ラットやマウスの脳で MBP+細胞なる P1419,20,21ますます豊富な観察と一致します。

Immunopanning28,29,30, を含む Fewster と 1967年27で同僚のオリゴデンドロ サイトの最初の分離後 OLs の齧歯動物の中枢神経系からの分離のためのいくつかの方法を実施しています蛍光活性化細胞は、細胞表面抗原28,31, 微分勾配遠心法32,33,34,35 を利用 (FACS) を選別と異なる中枢神経系グリア36,37の差分の遵守に基づく振動法。ただし、現行の培養法には、純度、収量、38の手順の実行に要する時間の観点から特に制限があります。したがって、オリゴデンドロ サイトの効率的分離法が必要です。

本稿で提案する簡単な効率的な選択方法の免疫隔離のためステージ 3 O4+ preoligodendrocytes 細胞新生仔マウスの子犬。このメソッドは、エメリーらによって報告される技術の変更39と Dincmanら40し約 4 時間で 80% 以上のオリゴデンドロ サイト準備純度を提供します。

Protocol

本研究で使用されるマウスは、SUNY ダウンステート医療センター部門の研究室動物資源 (DLAR) プロトコル番号 15 10492 のガイドラインに従って介抱され。 注: プライマリ オリゴデンドロ サイトが新生児 (P5 P7 野生型 C57Bl/6 n) から分離されたマウス。この段階では、未熟な最小二乗法は、高細胞収量を確保する齧歯動物の白質の 80% 以上を構成します。すべてのバッファーと?…

Representative Results

本研究の目的は O4 の改善の分離法を確立、+プライマリ マウス オリゴデンドロ サイト ターゲット細胞の最低限の操作を必要とします。Coverslips のセルのめっきに子犬の安楽死から全体のプロシージャは約 4 時間、ここで表示されるデータを表す 3 つの独立した実験。組織解離後 4.3 ± 0.46 × 107セルの平均値が 91% ± 5.6% の生存率をそれぞれ独立した実?…

Discussion

この通信は、高純度の未熟なマウス オリゴデンドロ サイト文化の効率的な分離法を提案する.以前に公開されたプロトコル39,40に比べると、このメソッドは、GFAP 陽性アストロ サイトの非常に低いレベルと他の非特徴の細胞の割合が非常に低い高い純度を得られました。オリゴデンドロ サイトの血統に既にコミット未熟な最小二乗法であることを?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

本研究は、国民の多数硬化の社会 (RG4591A1/2) および健康の国民の協会 (R03NS06740402) からの助成金によって支えられました。著者は、実験スペース、機器やアドバイスを提供するため博士イバン エルナンデスと彼の研究室のメンバーをありがとうございます。

Materials

10ml serological pipets Fisher Scientific 13-676-10J
10ml syringe Luer-Loc tip BD, Becton Dickinson 309604
15ml conical tubes Falcon 352097
24-well tissue culture plates Falcon 353935
40µm cell strainer Fisher Scientific 22368547
50ml conical tubes Falcon 352098
5ml serological pipets Fisher Scientific 13-676-10H
60mm tissue culture plates Falcon 353002
70µm cell strainer Fisher Scientific 22363548
Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody Invitrogen A11001
Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgM (H+L) secondary antibody Invitrogen A21042
Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgM (H+L) secondary antibody Invitrogen A11008
Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-chicken IgG (H+L) secondary antibody Invitrogen A11042
Anti-O4 beads- Anti-O4MicroBeads Miltenyi Biotec 130-094-543
Apo-Transferrin human Sigma T1147
Autofil complete bottle top filter assembly, 0.22um filter, 250ml USA Scientific 6032-1101
Autofil complete bottle top filter assembly, 0.22um filter, 250ml USA Scientific 6032-1102
B27 Supplement Invitrogen 17504-044
Boric acid Sigma B7660
Bovine Growth Serum (BGS) GE Healthcare Life Sciences SH30541.03
BSA Fisher Scientific BP-1600-100
CNTF Peprotech 450-50
d-Biotin Sigma B4639
Desoxyribonuclease I (DNAse I) Worthington LS002007
EDTA Fisher Scientific S311
Epifluorescence microscope with an Olympus DP70 camera Olympus Bx51
Feather disposable scalpels Andwin Scientific EF7281C
Forskolin Sigma F6886
German glass coverslips, #1 thickness, 12mm diameter round NeuVitro GG-12-oz
GFAP antibody Aves GFAP
Glucose Fisher Scientific D16-1
GlutaMAX Invitrogen 35050-61
Insulin Invitrogen 12585-014
Magnetic separator stand – MACS multistand Miltenyi Biotec 130-042-303
Magnetic separator-MiniMACS separator Miltenyi Biotec 130-042-302
Millex PES 0.22µm filter unit Millipore SLG033RS
Mounting media- Prolong Gold with DAPI Thermo Fisher P36930
N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) Sigma A8199
Natural mouse laminin Invitrogen 23017-015
Neurobasal Medium A Invitrogen 10888-022
Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) Peprotech 450-03
NG2 antibody Millipore AB5320
Papain Worthington LS003126
PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+ Sigma D5652
PDGF Peprotech 100-13A
Petri dishes Falcon 351029
Poly-D-Lysine Sigma P6407
Primocin Invivogen ant-pm-2
Progesterone Sigma P8783
Putrescine Sigma P5780
Selection column-LS columns Miltenyi Biotec 130-042-401
Sodium Selenite Sigma S5261
Trace elements B Corning 25-000-CI
Triiodothyronine (T3) Sigma T6397
Triton-X Sigma T8787
Trypan Blue Solution Corning 25-900-CI
Tween 20 Sigma P1379
B27NBMA 487.75 mL Neurobasal Medium A; 10 mL B27 Supplement; 1 mL Primocin; 1.25 mL Glutamax; Filter sterilize and store at 4 °C until use.
B27NBMA + 10% BGS 27 mL B27NBMA; 3 mL Bovine growth serum
CNTF solution stock (10 µg/ml; 1000X) Order from Peprotech (450-50). Make up at 0.1 to 1 mg/ml according to Manufacturer’s instruction (may vary from lot to lot) in buffer (e.g. DPBS + 0.2% BSA). Store at -80 °C.
Working solution (10 µg/ml, 1000X)
1. Make on 0.2% BSA (Fisher scientific BP-1600-100) in DPBS solution and filter sterilize.
2. Dilute master stock aliquot to 10µg/ml in sterile, chilled 0.2% BSA/DPBS.
3. Aliquot (20µl/tube) and snap freeze in liquid nitrogen.
4. Store aliquots at -80 °C.
d-Biotin stock solution (50 µg/ml; 5000X) Resuspend d-Biotin (Sigma-B4639) in double-distilled H2O at 50 µg/ml (e.g. 2.5 mg in 50 ml of ddH2O). Resuspension might take fair amount of agitation/vortexing, or mild warming briefly at 37°C. If the d-Biotin still will not solubilize, it is fine to make up a less concentrated (e.g. 10µg/ml), and to add a higher volume to the B27NBMA (1/1000), instead of 1/5000). Store at 4°C.
DNase I stock solution 1. Dissolve at 12,500 U Deoxyribonuclease I / ml in HBSS chilled on ice.
2. Filter sterilize on ice
3. Aliquot at 200 µl and freeze overnight at -20°C.
4. Store aliquots at -20 to -30°C.
Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (w/o Ca2+ and Mg2+) Dissolve pouch in 1 Liter of water to yield 1 liter of medium at 9.6 grams of powder per liter of medium. Store at 2-8 °C.
Forskolin stock solution (4.2 mg/ml; 1000X) Add 1 ml of sterile DMSO to 50 mg Forskolin in bottle (Sigma-F6886) and pipette until resuspended. Transfer to a 15 ml centrifuge tube and add 11 ml of sterile DMSO to bring to 4.2 mg/ml. Aliquot (e.g. 20 µl) and store at -20°C.
Hank’s balanced salts (HBSS) (Sigma 1. Measure 900 ml of water (temperature 15-20 °C) in a cylinder and stir gently.
2. Add the power and stir until dissolved.
3. Rinse original package with a small amount of water to remove all traces of the powder.
4. Add to the solution in step 2.
5. Add 0.35 gr of sodium bicarbonate (7.5% w/v) for each liter of final volume.
6. Keep stirring until dissolved.
7. Adjust the pH of the buffer while stirring to 0.1-0.3 units below pH= 7.4 since it may rise during filtration. The use of 1N HCl or 1N NaOH is recommended to adjust the pH.
8. Add additional water to bring the final volume to 1L.
9. Sterilize by filtration using a membrane with a porosity of 0.22 microns.
10. Store at 2-8 °C.
Insulin stock solution (4000 µg/ml) Thaw the bottle and aliquot 25 µl per microcentrifuge tube and store at -20°C.
Laminin solution Slowly thaw laminin in the cold (2°C to 8°C) to avoid gel formation. Then, aliquot into polypropylene tubes. Store at 5° C to -20° C in aliquots (e.g. 20 µl) and do not freeze/thaw repeatedly. Laminin may be stored at these temperatures for up to six months.
Magnetic Cell Sorting (MCS) Buffer Prepare the solution containing phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, and 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.5 mM EDTA, 5µg/ml Insulin, 1 g/L Glucose. Sterilize and degas by filtration the buffer by passing it through a 0.22 µm Millex filter. Store the buffer at 4°C until use
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) stock solution (5mg/ml; 1000X) Dissolve N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (Sigma-A8199) at 5 mg/ml in DMEM (e.g. 50 mg NAC in 10 ml B27NBMA). Filter sterilize and aliquot (e.g. 20 µl). Store at -20°C.
NT3 stock solution (1 µg/ml; 1000X) Master stock:
Order from Peprotech (450-03). Make up at 0.1 to 1 mg/ml according to manufacturer’s instructions (may vary from lot to lot), in buffer (e.g. DPBS + 0.2% BSA). Store at -80°C.

Working stock (1µg/ml; 1000X):
1. Make on 0.2% BSA in DPBS solution and filter sterilize.
2. Dilute master stock aliquot to 1 µg/ml in sterile, chilled 0.2% BSA/DPBS.
3. Aliquot (e.g. 20µl/tube) and snap freeze in liquid nitrogen.
4. Store aliquots at -80°C.
PDGF stock solution (10 µg/ml; 1000X) Master stock:
Order from Peprotech (100-13A). Make up at 0.1 to 1 mg/ml according to manufacturer’s instructions (may vary from lot to lot) in buffer (e.g. DPBS) + 0.2% BSA). Store at -80°C.

Working stock (1µg/ml; 1000X):
1. Make on 0.2% BSA in DPBS solution and filter sterilize.
2. Dilute master stock aliquot to 1µg/ml in sterile, chilled 0.2% BSA/DPBS.
3. Aliquot (e.g. 20µl/tube) and snap freeze in liquid nitrogen.
4. Store aliquots at -80°C.
Poly-D-lysine (1mg/ml; 100X) Resuspend poly-D-lysine, molecular weight 70-150 kD (Sigma P6407) at 0.5mg/ml in 0.15M boric acid pH 8.4 (e.g. 50mg in 50ml borate buffer). Filter sterilize and aliquot (e.g. 100µl/tube). Store at -20°C. Prior to use, dilute the 100X stock (1mg/ml) to 50 µg/ml in sterile water.
Oligodendrocyte proliferation media see Supplementary Table 1
Oligodendrocyte differentiation media see Supplementary Table 1
Sato supplement (100X) see Supplementary Table 1
References: the list of reagents and recipes were adopted from the protocols previously described by Emery et. al. 2013 (Emery, B. & Dugas, J. C. Purification of oligodendrocyte lineage cells from mouse cortices by immunopanning. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013 (9), 854-868, doi:10.1101/pdb.prot073973, (2013)) and Dincman et. al. (Dincman, T. A., Beare, J. E., Ohri, S. S. & Whittemore, S. R. Isolation of cortical mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J Neurosci Methods. 209 (1), 219-226, doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.017, (2012))
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Immunomagnetic IsolationMouse Primary OligodendrocytesMyelinMyelinationNeural ScienceCell CultureDissociationNeurobasal A MediumBovine Growth SerumDNase IPipetting

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Flores-Obando, R. E., Freidin, M. M., Abrams, C. K. Rapid and Specific Immunomagnetic Isolation of Mouse Primary Oligodendrocytes. J. Vis. Exp. (135), e57543, doi:10.3791/57543 (2018).
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