遠心重力によって脂肪由来幹細胞の軟骨形成分化誘導
Summary
Mechanical stress can induce the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, providing a potential therapeutic approach for the repair of impaired cartilage. We present a protocol to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using centrifugal gravity (CG). CG-induced upregulation of SOX9 results in the development of chondrogenic phenotypes.
Abstract
Impaired cartilage cannot heal naturally. Currently, the most advanced therapy for defects in cartilage is the transplantation of chondrocytes differentiated from stem cells using cytokines. Unfortunately, cytokine-induced chondrogenic differentiation is costly, time-consuming, and associated with a high risk of contamination during in vitro differentiation. However, biomechanical stimuli also serve as crucial regulatory factors for chondrogenesis. For example, mechanical stress can induce chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for the repair of impaired cartilage. In this study, we demonstrated that centrifugal gravity (CG, 2,400 × g), a mechanical stress easily applied by centrifugation, induced the upregulation of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), causing them to express chondrogenic phenotypes. The centrifuged ASCs expressed higher levels of chondrogenic differentiation markers, such as aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type 2 alpha 1 (COL2A1), and collagen type 1 (COL1), but lower levels of collagen type 10 (COL10), a marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes. In addition, chondrogenic aggregate formation, a prerequisite for chondrogenesis, was observed in centrifuged ASCs.
Introduction
関節軟骨の欠損は、自然治癒しません。したがって、幹細胞移植は、障害、軟骨の修復のための有望なアプローチとして提案されています。しかし、この方法は、幹細胞の十分な数の取得および軟骨形成分化を受けるため、これらの細胞の誘導の両方を必要とします。骨髄（BM）が広く、幹細胞の供給源として使用されているが、BMからの細胞の単離は、2つの主要な欠点があります侵襲性および不十分な収率。なぜなら取得が容易で、脂肪組織は、幹細胞の好ましい供給源です。以前の研究は、脂肪組織から幹細胞を単離し、例えば、TGF-β11、2のようなサイトカインを用いたこれらの細胞における軟骨形成分化を誘導することの実現可能性を実証しました。これらの方法は有効であるが、高価です。
サイトカインに対する低コストの代替手段として、機械的応力をするために使用することができます軟骨形成分化を誘導します。機械的荷重は、関節軟骨3の健康を維持する上で重要な役割を果たし、それが種々の細胞における軟骨形成の表現型を誘導することができます。例えば、静水圧は、MAPキナーゼ/ JNK経路4を介して滑膜由来前駆細胞における軟骨形成の表現型を誘導し、そして機械的圧縮は軟骨細胞の遺伝子5をアップレギュレートすることによって、ヒト間葉系幹細胞（MSC）で軟骨形成を誘導します。また、せん断応力は、ヒトMSC 6における軟骨形成に関連した細胞外マトリックス（ECM）の発現に寄与する。遠心重心（CG）、遠心分離によって生成さ容易に適用され、制御機械的応力は、セル7で異なる遺伝子発現を誘導することができます。例えば、肺上皮癌細胞において、インターロイキン（IL）-1bの発現を遠心分離8によってアップレギュレートされます。 Therefore、実験的に誘導機械的応力として、CGは、幹細胞における軟骨の遺伝子発現を誘導するために使用することができます。しかし、CGは、幹細胞の軟骨形成分化を誘導することができるかどうかは不明のままです。
本研究では、CGは軟骨細胞の遺伝子の過剰発現の結果、人間のASCで、SOX9、軟骨形成のマスターレギュレータのアップレギュレーションを誘導したことがわかりました。また、我々は、TGF-β1のものと軟骨のCGの効果は、成長因子は、最も一般的には、幹細胞にインビトロ軟骨形成を誘導するために使用される比較しました。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
細胞の幹細胞性の状態は、SOX9のCG誘発性過剰発現のために非常に重要です。我々の研究では、SOX9の発現はなく、後述する通路のASCで、初期継代のASC（2-3）でCGによって誘発される可能性があります。培養中、ASCを3継代16までCD34 +細胞を含む、ことが報告されています。 ASCは、細胞がCGに低応答特性が得られ、継代されているとして、CD34の発現を失う傾向があります。
<p c…Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI14C2116) and by Research Fund of Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea.
Materials
| Plasticware | |||
| 100mm Dish | TPP | 93100 | |
| 60mm Dish | TPP | 93060 | |
| 50 mL Cornical Tube | SPL | 50050 | |
| 15 mL Cornical Tube | SPL | 50015 | |
| 10 mL Disposable Pipette | Falcon | 7551 | |
| 5 mL Disposable Pipette | Falcon | 7543 | |
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| ASC Culture Media Materials | |||
| DPBS | Life Technologies | 14190-144 | |
| DMEM Low glucose | Life Technologies | 11885-084 | growth base media |
| Penicilin Streptomycin | Sigma Aldrich | P4333 | 1% |
| Fetal Bovine Serum | Life Technologies | 16000-044 | 10% |
| PBS/1 mM EDTA | Life Technologies | 12604-039 | |
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Chondrogenic Differentiation Media Materials | |||
| DMEM High glucose | Life Technologies | 11995 | chondrogenic differentiation base media |
| MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (100X) | Life Technologies | 11140-050 | |
| Dexamethasone | Sigma Aldrich | D2915 | 100nM |
| Penicilin Streptomycin | Life Technologies | P4333 | 1% |
| Fetal Bovine Serum | Life Technologies | 16000-044 | 1% |
| Ascorbate-2-phosphate | Sigma Aldrich | A8960 | 50ug/ml |
| L-proline | Sigma Aldrich | P5607 | 50ug/ml |
| ITS | BD | 354352 | 1% |
| Human TGFβ1 | Peprotech | 100-21 | 10ng/ml |
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Materials | |||
| 18 mm Cover Glass | Superior | HSU-0111580 | |
| 4% Paraformaldyhyde | Tech & Innovation | BPP-9004 | |
| Tween 20 | BIOSESANG | T1027 | |
| Bovine Serum Albumin | Vector Lab | SP-5050 | |
| Anti-Collagen II antibody | abcam | ab34712 | 1:100 |
| Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 594 conjugate |
Molecular Probe | A-11037 | 1:200 |
| DAPI | Molecular Probe | D1306 | |
| Prolong gold antifade reagent | Invitrogen | P36934 | |
| Slide Glass, Coated | Hyun Il Lab-Mate | HMA-S9914 | |
| Trizol | Invitrogen | 15596-018 | |
| Chloroform | Sigma Aldrich | 366919 | |
| Isoprypylalcohol | Millipore | 109634 | |
| Ethanol | Duksan | 64-17-5 | |
| RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit | Thermo Scientfic | K1622 | |
| i-Taq DNA Polymerase | iNtRON BIOTECH | 25021 | |
| UltraPure 10X TBE Buffer | Life Technologies | 15581-044 | |
| loading star | Dyne Bio | A750 | |
| Agarose | Sigma-Aldrich | 9012-36-6 | |
| 1kb (+) DNA ladder marker | Enzynomics | DM003 | |
| Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) | Catholic MASTER Cells |
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