Deneysel metastaz ve CTL Kabul edilmiş Transfer İmmünoterapi Fare Modeli
Summary
Tümör hücrelerinin T hücre etkileşimi analizi için deneysel bir akciğer metastazı ve CTL immünoterapi fare modeli<em> In vivo</em>.
Abstract
Deneysel metastaz fare modeli basit ve fizyolojik ilgili henüz metastaz modeli. Tümör hücrelerinin fare kuyruğu damarlar içine (iv) damar içine enjekte ve tümör hücre spontan metastaz son adımları benzeyen, böylece, akciğerlerde kolonize: distal organlarda kan dolaşımı, ekstravazasyonu ve sömürgeciliğin yaşam. Metastatik tümör distal organ yılında kurulan: tedavilerin hedef genellikle metastaz bitiş noktası bu yana tedavi edici bir açıdan bakıldığında, deneysel metastaz modeli en basit ve ideal bir model. Bu modelde, tümör hücrelerinin fare kuyruğu damarlar içine iv enjekte edilir ve akciğerlerde kolonize ve büyümeye izin. Tümör spesifik CTL sonra iv metastaz taşıyan fare içine enjekte edilir. Akciğer metastazları sayısını ve boyutunu enjekte edilecek tümör hücrelerinin sayısı ve tümör büyümesini zaman kontrol edilebilir. Bu nedenle, çeşitli aşamalarında metastaz, geniş metastaz minimal metastaz modellenmiş olabilir. Akciğer metastazı, böylece daha kolay görsel gözlem ve miktar sağlayarak, mürekkep ile enflasyon analiz edilir.
Protocol
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri (KL için CA133085) ve Amerikan Kanser Derneği (KL RSG-09-209-01-TBG) hibe ile desteklenir.
Materials
Solutions:
India Ink Solution (17):
- Pour 150 ml of distilled water into a 250 ml flask.
- Add 4 drops ammonium hydroxide to the distilled water.
- Add 30 ml India Ink stock (i.e. Sanford Black Magic Waterproof Drawing Ink 4465 Item 44011) to the ammonia and water mixture.
- Top off with distilled water to a volume of 200 ml. Solution is ready for injection.
Fekete’s Solution (17):
Fekete’s solution is used to bleach India ink-inflated tumor-bearing lungs to distinguish white tumor nodules from the black background of normal tissues.
- Add 350ml 95% EtOH to 1L glass bottle.
- Add 150ml distilled water
- Add 50ml formaldehyde
- Add 25ml glacial acidic acid
References
- Ryan, M. H., Bristol, J. A., McDuffie, E., Abrams, S. I. Regression of extensive pulmonary metastases in mice by adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8(+) CTL reactive against tumor cells expressing a naturally occurring rejection epitope. J Immunol. 167 (8), 4286-4292 (2001).
- Caldwell, S. A., Ryan, M. H., McDuffie, E., Abrams, S. I. The Fas/Fas ligand pathway is important for optimal tumor regression in a mouse model of CTL adoptive immunotherapy of experimental CMS4 lung metastases. J Immunol. 171 (5), 2402-2412 (2003).
- Liu, K., Caldwell, S. A., Greeneltch, K. M., Yang, D., Abrams, S. I. CTL Adoptive Immunotherapy Concurrently Mediates Tumor Regression and Tumor Escape. J Immunol. 176 (6), 3374-3382 (2006).
- Yang, D., Stewart, T. J., Smith, K. K., Georgi, D., Abrams, S. I., Liu, K. Downregulation of IFN-gammaR in association with loss of Fas function is linked to tumor progression. International journal of cancer. 122 (2), 350-362 (2008).
- Pages, F., Berger, A., Camus, M. Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 353 (25), 2654-2666 (2005).
- Galon, J., Costes, A., Sanchez-Cabo, F. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science. 313 (5795), 1960-194 (2006).
- Strater, J., Hinz, U., Hasel, C. Impaired CD95 expression predisposes for recurrence in curatively resected colon carcinoma: clinical evidence for immunoselection and CD95L mediated control of minimal residual disease. Gut. 54 (5), 661-665 (2005).
- Camus, M., Tosolini, M., Mlecnik, B. Coordination of intratumoral immune reaction and human colorectal cancer recurrence. Cancer research. 69 (6), 2685-2693 (2009).
- Dudley, M. E., Wunderlich, J. R., Yang, J. C. Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 23 (10), 2346-2357 (2005).
- Srivastava, M. K., Sinha, P., Clements, V. K., Rodriguez, P., Ostrand-Rosenberg, S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T-cell activation by depleting cystine and cysteine. Cancer research. 70 (1), 68-77 (2010).
- Nagaraj, S., Gabrilovich, D. I. Tumor escape mechanism governed by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer research. 68 (8), 2561-2563 (2008).
- Nguyen, D. X., Bos, P. D., Massague, J. Metastasis: from dissemination to organ-specific colonization. Nature reviews. 9 (4), 274-284 (2009).
- Heijstek, M. W., Kranenburg, O., Rinkes, B. o. r. e. l., H, I. Mouse models of colorectal cancer and liver metastases. Digestive surgery. 22 (1-2), 1-2 (2005).
- Yang, D., Ud Din, N., Browning, D. D., Abrams, S. I., Liu, K. Targeting lymphotoxin beta receptor with tumor-specific T lymphocytes for tumor regression. Clin Cancer Res. 13 (17), 5202-5210 (2007).
- Yang, D., Thangaraju, M., Browning, D. D. IFN Regulatory Factor 8 Mediates Apoptosis in Nonhemopoietic Tumor Cells via Regulation of Fas Expression. J Immunol. 179 (7), 4775-4782 (2007).
- Yang, D., Thangaraju, M., Greeneltch, K. Repression of IFN regulatory factor 8 by DNA methylation is a molecular determinant of apoptotic resistance and metastatic phenotype in metastatic tumor cells. Cancer research. 67 (7), 3301-3309 (2007).
- Wexler, H. Accurate identification of experimental pulmonary metastases. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 36 (4), 641-645 (1966).
