Stone masonry is a construction technique that uses individual stones to build structures and can be categorized into two main types: rubble and ashlar. Rubble masonry uses uneven, naturally shaped stones such as river rocks or fragments from quarries. This method often requires the mason to select and possibly shape each stone to fit the designated space, ensuring a proper build, even with irregular stone sizes and shapes. Ashlar masonry, on the other hand, employs uniformly cut stones that are square or rectangular, creating smoother surfaces and more refined structural appearances.
Both rubble and ashlar masonry can be constructed in coursed or uncoursed styles. Coursed masonry features consistent horizontal joints across the construction, enhancing structural uniformity and visual regularity. Uncoursed masonry lacks these uniform horizontal joints, giving the structure a more random and natural aesthetic.
Once the stones are set, the mortar joints are typically raked to a depth of about half an inch to an inch to prevent irregular settling of the stones. After curing, the joints are pointed with mortar to ensure they are completely filled.
In modern construction, stone masonry is often combined with concrete masonry to economize, especially in parts of the structure not visible where the aesthetic appeal of stone is less crucial.
