Chapter 23
Osmoregulation and Excretion
![What Are Osmoregulation and Excretion?](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11001.jpg)
Organisms must keep bodily fluids at a constant temperature and pH while maintaining specific solute concentrations in order to support life…
![Kidney Structure](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10890.jpg)
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance…
![Urea Cycle](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10892.jpg)
The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert…
![Hormonal Regulation](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10893.jpg)
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and…
![Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/52425_t.png)
Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the fractional excretion of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are critical in assessing renal…
![Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/4240_t.png)
The number of patients with end-stage renal disease, and the number of kidney allograft recipients continuously increases. Episodes of acute…