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Chapter 3

Chapter 3

Macromolecules

Overview Proteins are chains of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds and folded into a 3-dimensional structure. The side chains of individual …
Overview Proteins are one of the fundamental building blocks of life that carry out many diverse functions in the cell. Proteins are assembled from amino …
Overview Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation which …
Overview Carbohydrates are essential biological molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, often in the ratio of 1:2:1. They occur as simple …
Overview Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new …
Overview Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides …
Overview Lipids are a group of structurally and functionally diverse organic compounds that are insoluble in water. Certain classes of lipids, such as …
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its …
Overview Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two …
In this paper, Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (SWAXS) analysis of macromolecules is demonstrated through experimentation. SWAXS is a technique …
Specific short peptides derived from motifs found in full-length proteins, in our case HIV-1 Nef, not only retain their biological function, but can …
Photothermal beam deflection together with photo-acoustic calorimetry and thermal grating belongs to the family of photothermal methods that monitor the …
Protein-protein interactions play an essential role in the function of a living organism. Once an interaction has been identified and validated it is …
Monotopic proteins exert their function when attached to a membrane surface, and such interactions depend on the specific lipid composition and on the …
Sampling the phloem of higher plants is often laborious and significantly dependent on the plant species. However, proteome studies under denaturing …
Proteins are an important class of biological macromolecules that play many key roles in cellular functions including gene expression, catalyzing …