01:12Examining the Effect of Fungicide Exposure on Bumble Bee Colony Success Using Field Cage Experiments
03:31Examining the Effect of Fungicide Exposure on Microbial Communities in the Pollen-provisions of Bumble Bee Nets Using Laboratory-based In Vivo Trials
05:37Results: Effects of Fungicide on Bumble Bee Colonies and Their Microbial Communities
Microbial consortia within bumble bee hives enrich and preserve pollen for bee larvae. Using next generation sequencing, along with laboratory and field-based experiments, this manuscript describes protocols used to test the hypothesis that fungicide residues alter the pollen microbiome, and colony demographics, ultimately leading to colony loss.