Summary

大鼠胫神经瘤转位模型中的手术和行为测试

Published: January 06, 2023
doi:

Summary

该协议描述了胫神经瘤转位模型,该模型需要胫神经病变,随后近端神经末梢向皮下胫前或外侧位置转位。神经瘤疼痛和足底痛觉过敏的行为测试使用冯弗雷单丝进行定量。

Abstract

胫神经瘤转位 (TNT) 是一种大鼠模型,其中神经瘤部位(胫神经)的异常性疼痛可以从由完整腓肠神经支配的后爪足底表面的异常性疼痛中独立评估。这种TNT模型适用于测试神经瘤疼痛的疗法,例如临床上已经使用的某些手术疗法的潜在优越性,或评估新药及其对同一动物两种疼痛方式的影响。在该模型中,在胫神经中制造远端病变(神经畸形),近端神经末梢移位并在皮下和胫前固定,以便能够用 15 g Von Frey 单丝评估神经瘤部位。为了评估腓肠神经异常性疼痛,可以通过后爪足底外侧区域的上下方法 使用 Von Frey单丝。切除胫神经后,神经瘤部位在手术后1周内发生机械超敏反应,并至少持续到手术后12周。与对侧肢体相比,腓肠支配足底表面的异常性疼痛在手术后 3 周内发生。在 12 周时,在切断的胫神经的近端形成神经瘤,表现为轴突的弥散和旋转。对于TNT模型手术,需要遵循多个关键(显微)手术步骤,并建议在终末麻醉下进行一些手术实践。与其他神经性疼痛模型(例如保留神经损伤模型)相比,在TNT模型中,可以从腓肠神经超敏反应中独立测试神经瘤部位的异常性疼痛。然而,神经瘤部位只能在大鼠身上测试,不能在小鼠身上测试。该协议中提供的提示和方向可以帮助从事疼痛研究的研究小组在其设施中成功实施TNT模型。

Introduction

每个伤口,从简单的撕裂伤到整个肢体截肢,都伴随着不同程度的周围神经损伤。这种神经损伤可导致神经瘤的形成,即发芽的神经纤维的无序缠绕。8%-30%的患者出现神经瘤疼痛,严重影响他们的生活质量12345截肢后,50% 的患者出现神经瘤疼痛678。报告的症状包括压痛、自发性疼痛、异常性疼痛、痛觉过敏以及神经支配区域的机械或热超敏反应9。如果在 1 年内没有得到充分治疗,神经瘤疼痛会发展为慢性疼痛状态,导致高社会负担和相关医疗费用1011,121314由于目前药物干预的疗效较差,疼痛神经瘤优选通过手术切除疼痛的神经瘤来治疗,并且通过各种手术技术治疗神经,如文献15所述。重要的是要注意,完全缓解疼痛的情况很少见,疼痛通常会随着时间的推移而恶化,并且40%的患者无法从手术中受益,这表明需要新的治疗方法116

神经瘤疼痛的标准化大鼠模型有助于理解驱动神经瘤疼痛的机制,并可能有助于确定新的治疗方法或评估临床中使用的现有治疗方法。胫神经瘤转位(TNT)模型于2008年由Dorsi等人首次描述17,并已被不同的研究小组使用181920这种方法的总体目标是能够测试神经瘤疼痛的不同治疗技术。与例如备用神经损伤(SNI)模型21相比,该模型的优势在于它允许在神经瘤部位测试异常性疼痛。这是因为该模型涉及将胫神经的近端神经末梢转置到皮下胫前位置,在那里可以用冯弗雷单丝探测。此外,异常性疼痛发生在由完整腓肠神经支配的后爪足底表面,这可以独立于同一动物的神经瘤疼痛进行评估。这类似于患者的神经瘤疼痛症状,其中切除疼痛性神经瘤后的持续性神经性疼痛有时由邻近神经引起22。此外,断神经异常性疼痛伴神经瘤与完整邻近神经异常性疼痛不同。因此,该模型有助于评估新疗法对神经瘤部位存在的异常性疼痛和在后爪足底表面测试的更广泛的神经性疼痛的影响。由于为创建TNT模型而进行的手术可能具有挑战性,因此本文详细阐述了支持研究人员在其设施中实施该模型的程序。

Protocol

这项研究是根据IVD(Instantie voor Dierenwelzijn Utrecht)和动物研究指南进行的,项目编号AVD1150020198824。 1. 冯弗雷基线测量 手术前,根据冯弗雷测试程序进行基线测量,如下文第 5 节和第 6 节所述。 2. 麻醉和准备 注意:这项研究是在 15 只 12 周龄的雄性 Sprague Dawley 大鼠上进行的。 用5%异氟醚?…

Representative Results

神经瘤部位的评估显示,对施用15g冯弗雷单丝的敏感性增加。在基线时,大鼠通常对15g单丝的25次应用中的10%-15%(±13%)有反应。TNT手术后1周,反应率增加到45%-50%(±24%)。在对侧,手术后的反应数量与基线相似(图2A)。大约20%的大鼠没有发生疼痛的神经瘤;与基线相比,反应率没有增加(图2B)。这与人类的情况相当,并非所有患者(截肢后50%)在?…

Discussion

协议中的关键步骤
TNT模型包括切割胫神经并将其横向和皮下移位到胫前位置,以便对神经瘤进行敏感性测试,此外还可以对腓肠神经进行足底痛觉过敏。在TNT模型中,关键是研究人员可以看到神经瘤的位置。因此,首选白化大鼠菌株,因为皮下缝合线很容易通过皮肤看到,并且缝合线的颜色最好为深蓝色或黑色。

当进行手术并暴露胫神经时,胫神经分叉的位?…

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们要感谢Sabine Versteeg在显微外科手术期间的协助,以及来自普通动物实验室(Gemeenschappelijk Dieren Laboratorium)的Anja van der Sar和Trudy Oosterveld-Romijn,感谢他们在准备显微镜和手术室以及照顾动物方面的帮助。

这项研究由Axogen资助。

Materials

Aesthesio Linton Instrumentation 514007 until 514015 0.6 g until 15 g monofilaments
Carprofen Local Veterinary Pharmacy n/a The local veterinary pharmacy makes caprofen dilution
Cotton swabs Nobamed 974255
Electrocautery Fine Science Tools 18010-00
Ethanol 70% Interchema BV 400406
Ethilon 4.0 Johnson & Johnson 1854G IMPORTANT: the color should be blue or black
Ethilon 8.0 Johnson & Johnson BV130-5
Isoflo, isoflurane Zoetis Dechra Veterinary Products B506
Mesh bottom cages StoeltingCo 57816 and 57824
Micro forceps Fine Science Tools 11251-35
Micro needle holder  Fine Science Tools 12076-12
Micro scissors Fine Science Tools 15019-10
Micro tweezers Fine Science Tools 11254-20
NaCl 0.9% Trademed H7 1000-FRE
Needle holder Fine Science Tools 12004-16
Ophthalmic ointment  Local Veterinary Pharmacy n/a The local veterinary pharmacy makes the ophthalmic ointment
Scalpel Fine Science Tools 10003-12
Scissors Fine Science Tools 14001-12
Stereo surgical microscope Leica A60 F
Sterile sheet with hole Evercare OneMed 1555-01
Surgical blade nr.15 Fine Science Tools 10015-00
Tweezers Fine Science Tools 11617-12

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Brakkee, E. M., DeVinney, E., Eijkelkamp, N., Coert, J. H. Surgery and Behavioral Testing in the Tibial Neuroma Transposition Model in Rats. J. Vis. Exp. (191), e64659, doi:10.3791/64659 (2023).

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