利用雷达采集的数据和仿真评估独家刺堤 U 型转弯设计
Summary
该协议描述了通过仿真解决微观交通问题的过程。整个过程包含数据收集、数据分析、仿真模型构建、仿真校准和敏感分析的详细说明。还讨论了该方法的修改和故障排除。
Abstract
传统的 U 型转弯设计可以明显改进操作功能，而 U 型转弯分流和合并段仍会导致交通拥堵、冲突和延迟。这里提出了一种独特的支线堤坝U型转弯车道设计（ESUL），以解决传统U型转弯设计的缺点。为了评估ESUL的运行性能，需要一种流量仿真协议。整个仿真过程包括五个步骤：数据收集、数据分析、仿真模型构建、仿真校准和敏感分析。数据收集和仿真模型构建是两个关键步骤，稍后将进行更详细的介绍。评估中常用三个指标（行驶时间、延迟和停靠点数），其他参数可根据实验需要从仿真中测量。结果表明，ESUL显著地降低了传统U型转弯设计的缺点。仿真可用于解决微观交通问题，例如在单个或多个相邻交叉路口或短段中。此方法不适用于没有数据收集的大规模公路网络或评估。
Introduction
一些交通问题，如交叉口或短路段的交通拥堵，可以通过优化道路设计、改变信号时序、交通管理测量和其他交通技术1、2、3、4来解决或改善。与原始情况相比，这些改进对流量操作有积极或消极的影响。交通操作的变化可以在交通模拟软件中进行比较，而不是在交叉路口或段的实际重建中进行比较。在提出一个或多个改进计划时，流量模拟方法是一种快速而廉价的选择，尤其是在比较不同的改进计划或评估改进效果时。本文通过评价专用支线堤U型转弯车道设计的交通流量运行特性，介绍了通过仿真解决交通问题的过程。
U 形转弯移动是一种广泛的交通需求，需要在路上打开 U 形转弯中位数，但这一点一直存在争议。设计 U 轮开口可能会导致交通拥堵，而关闭 U 轮开口可能会导致 U 型转弯车辆的绕行。U 型转弯车辆和直左转车辆需要 U 型转弯，导致交通延误、停车甚至事故。提出了一些解决U型转弯运动的弊端的技术，如信号6、7、专用左转车道8、9、自动驾驶车辆10、11等。由于上述解决方案具有限制性应用，U 型转弯问题仍有改进潜力。新的 U 型转弯设计在某些情况下可能是更好的解决方案，能够解决现有问题。
最流行的U形转弯设计是中值U形转弯交叉口（MUTI）12，13，14，15，如图1所示。《交通法》的一个重要限制是，它不能区分U型转弯车辆和过往车辆，而且交通冲突仍然存在。一种经过修改的 U 型转弯设计，称为专用支线堤坝 U 型转弯车道 （ESUL;图 2）建议在中位数的两侧引入一条专属的U型转弯车道，以减少交通拥堵。ESUL 可以显著减少行驶时间、延迟以及由于两个流量的通道而停靠的次数。
为了证明ESUL比普通MUTI更有效，需要一个严格的协议。ESUL 实际上不能在理论模型之前构造;因此，需要模拟18。利用交通流量参数，一些关键车型已用于仿真研究19个，如驾驶行为模型20、21、车后22、23、U型转弯车型4、车道变换模型21。交通流量模拟的精度在16、24日被广泛接受。在这项研究中，MUTI 和 ESUL 都进行了模拟，收集了数据，以比较 ESUL 的改进。为了保证准确性，还模拟了 ESUL 的敏感分析，该分析可应用于许多不同的交通状况。
该协议提供了解决实际交通问题的实验过程。提出了交通数据采集、数据分析、交通综合效率提高分析的方法。该过程可以概括为五个步骤：1）流量数据收集，2）数据分析，3）仿真模型构建，4）模拟模型校准，5）操作性能灵敏度分析。如果五个步骤中的任一要求未得到满足，则该过程不完整，不足以证明有效性。
Protocol
1. 设备的准备 准备以下两个设备来收集双向流量：雷达、笔记本电脑、雷达和笔记本电脑的电池和电缆、相机以及雷达和相机三脚架。注：雷达及其相应的软件用于收集车速和轨迹，这比速度枪更准确。如果其他设备可用于收集车速、轨迹和体积，则雷达不是唯一的选择。由于大型车辆可以轻松阻挡雷达信号，因此摄像机拍摄的视频可用于车辆计数。在调查期间，如果天气是阴雨或晴?…
Representative Results
图 2显示了 U 形转弯中位数开仓的 ESUL 的图示。WENS 表示四个基本方向。主干道有六条车道，有两个方向。绿化带在两侧划分非机动车道，中间划分两个方向。流量1是东西通过交通，流量2是东向东U转流，流量3是西向东通过交通，流量4是西向西U转交通。 ESUL 内部 2 车道的功能是分流、减速、U 型转弯、加…
Discussion
本文讨论了利用仿真解决交叉口或短段交通问题的过程。有几点值得特别注意，这里将详细讨论。
现场数据收集是首先值得注意的。数据收集位置的一些要求如下：1） 为数据收集寻找合适的位置。该位置应类似于研究中的道路几何形状，这是数据收集的前提。2） 通过找到足够的间隙，确定雷达和其他设备的设定位置，在雷达信号无法阻挡的情况下。可以使用一些最先进的?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
作者要感谢中国奖学金委员会为这项工作提供部分资金，文件号为201506560015。
Materials
| Battery | Beijing Aozeer Technology Company | LPB-568S | Capacity: 3.7v/50000mAh. Two ports, DC 1 out:19v/5A (max), for one laptop. DC 2 out:12v/3A (max), for one radar. |
| Battery Cable | Beijing Aozeer Technology Company | No Catalog Number | Connect one battery with one laptop. |
| Camera | SONY | a6000/as50r | The videos shot by the cameras were 1080p, which means the resolution is 1920*1080. |
| Camera Tripod | WEI FENG | 3560/3130 | The camera tripod height is 1.4m. |
| Laptop | Dell | C2H2L82 | Operate Windows 7 basic system. |
| Matlab Software | MathWorks | R2016a | |
| Radar | Beijing Aozeer Technology Company | SD/D CADX-0037 | |
| Radar Software | Beijing Aozeer Technology Company | Datalogger | |
| Radar Tripod | Beijing Aozeer Technology Company | No Catalog Number | Corresponding tripods which could connect with radars, the height is 2m at most. |
| Reflective Vest | Customized | No Catalog Number | |
| VISSIM Software | PTV AG group | PTV vissim 10.00-07 student version |
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Citar este artigo
Shao, Y., Yu, H., Wu, H., Han, X., Zhou, X., Claudel, C. G., Zhang, H., Yang, C. Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation. J. Vis. Exp. (156), e60675, doi:10.3791/60675 (2020).