헤어 유래 각질 세포를 사용하여 통합없는 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포의 생성
Summary
This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.
Abstract
Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.
Introduction
유도 된 인간 다 능성 줄기 세포 (hiPSCs)의 발견은 환자 맞춤형 줄기 세포의 생성을위한 1-3 가능한 방법을 제공하는 재생 의료 분야 혁명을 일으켰다. hiPSCs 성공적 4,5- 섬유 아세포, 조혈 세포 6,7, 소변 8에서 신장 상피 세포와 각화 9,10 포함하는 다양한 종류의 체세포에서 생성되었다. 현재까지, 피부 섬유 아세포 및 조혈 세포는 환자 별 iPSCs를 생성하기위한 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 셀의 소스를 나타낸다. 틀림없이, 이것은 피부 생검과 채혈 일상 의료 절차 및 여러 나라에서 확립 된 환자의 혈액 샘플의 피부 또는 대형 바이오 뱅크 있다는 사실에 기인한다.
혈액 세포 및 침윤성 추출 방법을 필요로 피부 섬유 아세포는 달리, 케 라티노 사이트는 hiPSC 생성에 쉽게 접근 세포 유형을 나타낸다. KeratinocytES는 피부의 외관 상피 장벽을 형성하고 또한 손톱 및 모발 (11)에서 발견되는 케라틴 풍부한 상피 세포이다. 특히 각질 세포가 모낭 내부 근초 (IRS) 셀 (12,도 1)와 함께 모발 덮여 셀룰러 외부 층의 외측 근초 (ORS)에서 찾을 수있다. 헤어 컬렉션 의료인의 도움을 필요로하지 않는 간단한 절차이므로 환자 수집 크게 hiPSC 생성을위한 환자 샘플의 수집을 용이하게 할 실험실에 자신의 머리 샘플을 보낼 수 있도록, 그 기회를 제공한다. 표피 각화 세포도 생성 hiPSC 9, 13의 시작으로 각질 형성 세포를 사용하는 장점에 추가하여 섬유 아세포에 비해 높은 효율 및 프로그래밍 빠른 프로그래밍 속도론있다. 또한, hiPSCs 또한 모낭 내의 다른 세포 집단을 사용하여 생성 될 수 있고,모낭 14,15 바닥에있는 모유두 세포를 포함.
헤어 유래 세포를 사용하여 IPSC 세대의 이전 보고서들은 레트로 바이러스 또는 렌티 바이러스 기반의 프로그래밍 방법 9,14,15을 사용합니다. 그러나 이러한 바이러스 성 방법은 재 프로그래밍시 외국 유전자의 바람직하지 않은 게놈 통합을 소개합니다. 비교하여, 에피 솜 벡터의 사용은 통합 프리 iPSCs 4를 생성 가능한, 비 바이러스 프로그래밍 방법을 나타낸다. 우리는 이전에 효과적으로 에피 솜 벡터 (13)를 사용 hiPSCs으로 각질 세포를 재 프로그램하는 간단하고 비용 효율적인 비 바이러스 성 방법을 개발 하였다. 여기에 우리가 뽑아 머리, 확장 및 각질 세포의 유지 보수 및 hiPSCs를 생성 이후의 재 프로그래밍에서 각질 세포의 유도를 포함하여 각질 세포에서 파생 된 hiPSCs,의 생성에 대한 자세한 프로토콜을 제공합니다.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
환자 별 hiPSCs의 생성은 시험관 내에서 질환 세포 유형의 발병 기전 연구를위한 독특한 방법을 제공하고, 또한 질환의 표현형을 구출 할 신규 한 분자를 식별하는 약물 스크리닝에 대한 플랫폼을 제공한다. hiPSCs를 이용하여 질병이 모델링 접근법은 긴 QT 증후군, 헌팅 톤병, 파킨슨 질환 및 근 위축성 측삭 경화증 (22)을 포함하여 다양한 질환에 대한 유망한 결과를 수득했다. 여러 이?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Harene Ranjithakumaran and Stacey Jackson for technical support. This work was supported in part by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (R.C.B. Wong, A. Pébay), the University of Melbourne (R.C.B. Wong), Retina Australia (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung, A. Pébay) and the Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung, A. Pébay); Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (A. Pébay, FT140100047), Cranbourne Foundation Fellowship (R.C.B. Wong); intramural funding from the National Institutes for Health (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung) and operational infrastructure support from the Victorian Government.
Materials
| Antibiotic Mix: | |||
| 250 ng/ml Antimycotic amphotericin B | Sigma | A2942-20ml | Antibiotic mix is made up in PBS. |
| 1X Penicillin/Streptomycin | Invitrogen | 15140-122 | |
| PBS (-) | Invitrogen | 14190-144 | |
| Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR) medium: | KSR medium is filtered using Stericup (Millipore, #SCGPU05RE) before use. bFGF is added fresh to the media before use. | ||
| 20% knockout serum replacement (KSR) | Invitrogen | 10828-028 | |
| DMEM/F12 with glutamax | Invitrogen | 10565-042 | |
| 1× MEM non-essential amino acid | Invitrogen | 11140-050 | |
| 0.5× Penicillin/Streptomycin | Invitrogen | 15140-122 | |
| 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol | Invitrogen | 21985 | |
| bFGF (10 ng/ml, added fresh) | Millipore | GF003 | |
| Keratinocyte medium: | |||
| EpiLife with 60 µM Calcium | Invitrogen | M-EPI-500-CA | |
| 1× Human keratinocyte growth supplement (HKGS) | Invitrogen | S-001-5 | |
| Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) medium: | FBS medium is filtered using Stericup (Millipore, #SCGPU05RE) before use. | ||
| 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) | Invitrogen | 26140079 | |
| DMEM | Invitrogen | 11995-073 | |
| 0.5× Penicillin/Streptomycin | Invitrogen | 15140-122 | |
| 2 mM L-glutamine | Invitrogen | 25030 | |
| 0.25% trypsin-EDTA | Invitrogen | 25200-056 | |
| Extracellular Matrix (ECM): | |||
| Matrigel | Corning | 354234 | Aliquot Matrigel stock and store in -80°C following manufacturer’s instructions. Stock concentration of Matrigel varies slightly from batch to batch (~9mg/ml). We recommend to use 200µl matrigel for coating a 12-well plate (~150µg/well). |
| Coating Matrix Kit | Invitrogen | R-011-K | |
| Plasmids: | Note that pCXLE-eGFP is only used for monitoring transfection efficiency and is not required for reprogramming. | ||
| - pCXLE-eGFP | Addgene | 27082 | |
| - pCXLE-hOct3/4-shP53F | Addgene | 27077 | |
| - pCXLE-hSK | Addgene | 27078 | |
| - pCXLE-hUL | Addgene | 27080 | |
| Transfection reagent Fugene HD | Promega | E231B | |
| Gelatin (from porcine skin) | Sigma | G1890 | Make up 0.1% gelatin in distilled water. Autoclave before use. |
| Reduced Serum medium: OPTI-MEM | Invitrogen | 31985062 | |
| Accutase | Sigma | A6964-100ml | |
| Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder | MEF can be inactivated by mitomycin C treatment or irradiation as described previously 16. | ||
| 26G needle | Terumo | NN2613R | |
| 6-well plate (tissue culture treated) | BD Biosciences | 353046 | |
| 12-well plate (tissue culture treated) | BD Biosciences | 353043 | |
| 10 cm dish (tissue culture treated) | BD Biosciences | 353003 | |
| Dispase | Invitrogen | 17105-041 | Use at 10mg/ml |
| Collagenase IV | Invitrogen | 17104-019 | Use at 1mg/ml |
| TRA-160 antibody | Millipore | MAB4360 | Use at 5µg/ml |
| OCT4 antibody | Santa Cruz | SC-5279 | Use at 5µg/ml |
| NANOG antibody | R&D Systems | AF1997 | Use at 10µg/ml |
| MycoAlert Detection kit | Lonza | LT07-418 |
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