情绪调节的神经关联的脑成像研究
1Department of Psychology,University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 2Department of Computing Science,University of Alberta, Edmonton, 3Department of Psychiatry,University of Alberta, Edmonton, 4Department of Psychology,University of Alberta, Edmonton, 5Centre for Neuroscience,University of Alberta, Edmonton, 6Neuroscience Program,University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 7Beckman Institute,University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Summary
我们提出了一个协议，允许调查故意和自动情绪调节，使用功能磁共振成像，神经关联。该协议可用于在健康的参与者，年轻人和老年人，以及在临床病人。
Abstract
控制/调节情绪的能力是一个重要的的应对机制，在面对情绪困扰的情况下。虽然已取得重大进展，理解意识/故意情绪调节（ER）的少了解non-conscious/automatic ER和相关的神经关联。这是因为在自动和自觉处理1的单一概念所固有的问题的一部分。在这里，我们提出了一个协议，允许调查故意和自动急诊室使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的神经关联。此协议允许各方面的ER调查的新途径。例如，实验设计，使操纵的目标，调节情感（自觉与不自觉的），以及情感的挑战（高与低）的强度。此外，允许双方立即情绪知觉和长期影响情绪记忆的情绪加工的ER战略展开调查。因此，这个协议可能有助于更好地理解情绪调节健康的行为的神经机制，并获得洞察到，抑郁症和焦虑症的赤字情感DYS监管往往是衰弱的功能之间的核心的可能原因。
Protocol
1。任务设计，刺激，实验协议总体协议涉及的图片（ 直接影响）的情感收视率的评估，并为内存这些图片（ 长期影响），作为诱导目标，以调节情绪反应的结果。 或明或暗地进行规范的目标是诱发，和眼前的和长远的影响评估相对收视率和内存在基线块/ ER的操作（前ER感应基线）之前的运行呈现的图片，见图1整体实验设计图。下面我们提供了所有?…
Discussion
我们描述了一个协议，它的目标包括显性和隐性的操纵来调节情绪，并允许调查相关的神经关联。这种设计有可能推进我们的大脑是如何调节情绪，适合比较明确的ER隐含的急诊室，这是无意的，可能发生不参与者的见解和认识 13,14知识。因此，该协议可为惯性相反的情感偏见，如在健康老龄化（ 阳性偏置15）和抑郁（ 消极偏见16）观察到的，这是与ER的机制…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
支持这项研究是由来自全国联盟为精神分裂症和抑郁症的研究，并从加拿大精神病学研究基金会（FD）的俄共奖的青年研究者奖。作者衷心感谢援助，协助数据分析fMRI数据收集和克里斯蒂娜孙明扬特丽莎恰克拉巴提和彼得赛里斯。
Referências
- Bargh, J. A., Williams, L. E., Gross, J. J. . Handbook of emotion regulation. , 429-445 (2007).
- McRae, K. The neural bases of distraction and reappraisal. J Cogn Neurosci. 22, 248-262 (2010).
- Srull, T. K., Wyer, R. S. The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 37, 1660-1672 (1979).
- Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., Gross, J. J. Automatic emotion regulation during anger provocation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 43, (2007).
- Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N. . Technical Report A-8. , (2008).
- van Reekum, C. M., Johnstone, T., Urry, H. L. Gaze fixations predict brain activation during the voluntary regulation of picture induced negative affect. NeuroImage. 36, 1041-1055 (2007).
- Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS Scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 54, 1063-1070 (1988).
- Gross, J. J., John, O. P. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 85, 348-362 (2003).
- Friston, K. J., Ashburner, J. T., Kiebel, S. J., Nichols, T. E., Penny, W. D. . Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of Functional Brain Images. , (2006).
- Goldin, P. R., McRae, K., Ramel, W., Gross, J. J. The neural bases of emotion regulation: reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biological Psychiatry. 63, 577-586 (2008).
- Berkman, E. T., Lieberman, M. D. Using neuroscience to broaden emotion regulation: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Social and Personality Compass. 3, 475-493 (2009).
- Ochsner, K. N., Gross, J. J. Cognitive emotion regulation: Insights from social cognitive and affective neuroscience. Currents Directions in Psychological Science. 17, 153-158 (2008).
- Koole, S. L., Rothermund, K. I Feel Better but I Don’t Know Why”: The Psychology of Implicit Emotion Regulation. Cognition and Emotion. 25, 389-399 (2011).
- Gyurak, A., Gross, J. J., Etkin, A. Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: A dual-process framework. Cognition and Emotion. 25, 400-412 (2011).
- Mather, M., Carstensen, L. L. Aging and motivated cognition: the positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends Cogn Sci. 9, 496-502 (2005).
- . . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV. , (1994).
- Jacques, P., Dolcos, F., Cabeza, R. Effects of aging on functional connectivity of the amygdala during negative evaluation: a network analysis of fMRI data. Neurobiol Aging. 31, 315-327 (2010).
- Jacques, P. L., Dolcos, F., Cabeza, R. Effects of aging on functional connectivity of the amygdala for subsequent memory of negative pictures: a network analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Psychol Sci. 20, 74-84 (2009).
- Ritchey, M., Dolcos, F., Eddington, K. M., Strauman, T. J., Cabeza, R. Neural correlates of emotional processing in depression: Changes with behavioral cognitive therapy and predictors of treatment response. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 45, 577-587 (2011).
- Eddington, K. M. Neural correlates of idiographic goal priming in depression: goal-specific dysfunctions in the orbitofrontal cortex. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 4, 238-246 (2009).
Tags
Brain ImagingNeural CorrelatesEmotion RegulationCoping MechanismConscious Emotion RegulationAutomatic Emotion RegulationFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)Deliberate Emotion RegulationNon-conscious Emotion RegulationEmotional ChallengeEmotion PerceptionEmotional MemoryNeural MechanismsHealthy BehaviorDepressionAnxiety Disorders
Citar este artigo
Dolcos, S., Sung, K., Denkova, E., Dixon, R. A., Dolcos, F. Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation. J. Vis. Exp. (54), e2430, doi:10.3791/2430 (2011).