Summary

一种低成本自动飞行拦截陷阱,用于夜间被人造光吸引的飞虫进行时间子采样

Published: December 29, 2021
doi:

Summary

为了研究夜间人造光(ALAN)对夜间飞行昆虫的影响,采样需要限制在夜间。该协议描述了一种低成本的自动飞行拦截陷阱,允许研究人员在用户定义的时间段内采样,并增加复制。

Abstract

根据目标物种或研究的空间和时间要求选择采样方法。然而,大多数被动采样飞虫的方法的时间分辨率很差,因为它耗时,昂贵和/或后勤困难。对夜间被人造光吸引的飞虫(ALAN)进行有效采样需要在用户定义的时间点(仅限夜间)在复制良好的站点上进行采样,从而导致主要的时间和劳动密集型调查工作或昂贵的自动化技术。这里描述的是一种低成本的自动拦截陷阱,不需要专业设备或技能来构建和操作,使其成为需要跨多个站点进行时间子采样的研究的可行选择。该陷阱可用于解决广泛的其他生态问题,这些问题需要比以前的陷阱技术更大的时间和空间尺度。

Introduction

有许多节肢动物采样技术123,但生态学家通常难以以适合其研究问题的方式应用这些方法(见4)。在选择合适的昆虫采样方法时,生态学家必须考虑不同技术所涉及的目标物种,时间,精力和成本。例如,一个常见的限制是,在特定时间段内对复制地点进行子采样以量化影响物种活动的时间变量(例如天气或昼夜节律活动的变化)在逻辑上可能具有挑战性(但见5)。大多数被动调查昆虫诱捕器被设置很长一段时间(例如,多天,数周甚至数月),缺乏精细的时间分辨率1。对于针对多个重复地点的特定时间段的调查(例如,仅在不同地点进行夜间采样),可能需要一个大型团队在同一时间点(例如,在日出和日落后30分钟内)访问多天的地点,以收集标本并重置陷阱6;否则,需要自动陷印装置578

关于夜间人造光(ALAN)对昆虫活动模式和局部种群动态的影响,越来越多的工作领域 910;以及ALAN与昆虫捕食率之间的相互作用4111213。然而,为了研究ALAN对夜间昆虫分类群的影响,采样需要限制在夜间。已经描述了几种不同的主动光陷阱,并将其用于夜间昆虫的自动时间采样14。一些例子包括简单的落下圆盘式分离装置,其中渔获物落入一个狭窄的管中,每小时有一个圆盘落下以分离渔获物15,或以定时间隔旋转收集瓶71617的转台分离装置。这些以前的自动光捕获器解决了与时间测量要求有关的采样挑战,但通常很大且笨拙,并且使用过时或不可靠的技术。最近开发并测试了一种新的自动无源采样装置8。该装置利用了市售的飞行拦截捕集器,并配有一个轻型定制设计的收集装置,该装置由一个保持采样杯的转盘组成,允许以用户定义的间隔8收集捕集器内容物。这种新的自动疏水阀采用复杂的编程,可以通过智能手机操作,但每个陷阱8的建造成本约为700欧元(1,000澳元)。

飞行拦截陷阱是测量飞行昆虫1,1819的最有效方法之一,其工作原理是飞行昆虫在与垂直表面碰撞时落地。飞行拦截陷阱有多种设计。然而,大多数通常用透明或网状表面和装满水和/或防腐剂的收集容器构造。这里描述的新陷阱使用交叉叶片/挡板类型或多向拦截陷阱20,因为交叉挡板已被证明可以提高捕获率1421和来自各个方向的昆虫样本。这个陷阱的目的是调查被人造光吸引的夜间飞行昆虫。这种光出租车导致昆虫在光源22上盘旋;因此,多向陷阱是最合适的。

这里描述的是一种低成本的自动拦截陷阱,不需要专业设备或技能来建造和操作。该陷阱使用市售的自动宠物食品分配器和五金店提供的常见物品。该设计的成本低于每个陷阱66欧元(105澳元)的建造成本(表1),使其成为需要同时对多个地点进行时间子采样的研究的可行选择。

Protocol

1. 陷阱结构 注意:建造疏水阀所需的所有组件都可以在材料表中找到。每个陷阱都是由一个人在2小时内按照图1和图2所示构建的。 使用拼图将聚碳酸酯屋顶板(8 mm x 610 mm x 2400 mm)切割成610 mm x 230 mm截面(图1,项目1 &2)。然后在每个(610 mm x 230 mm)窗格的中心中间切开一个8…

Representative Results

这些陷阱在澳大利亚墨尔本的四个丛林保护区的实验照明中被吸引的飞虫进行调查中进行了试验。这些地点由残余或重新植被的灌木丛组成,周围环绕着居民住房,平均相距15公里(范围为3-24公里),面积为45公顷(范围为30-59公顷)。2021年3月30日至4月2日,共安装了16个陷阱,每个站点有4个,有和没有实验灯(每个站点3个灯和1个对照组),并进行了3天3夜的调查。安装陷阱的团队花了两个人2天?…

Discussion

尽管Bolliger等人(2020)8 描述的自动飞行拦截陷阱设计精良,并且在用户定义的时间段内采样非常有效,但对于许多研究人员来说,它们的成本可能过高。这项研究表明,使用自动诱捕器在用户定义的时间段对飞虫进行子采样的被动诱捕调查可以在适度的预算下进行。陷阱的建造是为了在六个预定义的时间点进行采样,方法是利用商业宠物食品分配器和五金店通常提供的材料,?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

该研究由索能达赞助的拉筹伯大学净零基金资助。这项研究是在环境、土地、水和规划部的科学许可证下进行的,许可证号10009741。我们感谢马丁·施泰因鲍尔对早期草案的评论和两位匿名审稿人。

Materials

Batteries (C cell) – 10 pack Duracell MN1400B10 https://www.duracell.com.au/product/alkaline-c-batteries/
Battery operated automated 6 meal pet food bowl – each OEM China XR-P006-002 Automated 6-meal pet food bowls range in price dependent on supplier, for example in the UK they can be purchased for £19 GBP ($36 AUD).
Galvanised hex-head screws (10-16 x 16 mm) – 100 pack Bunnings Warehouse 1-311-9151-CTPME Bunnings Warehouse is an Australian hardware chain with stores in Australia and New Zealand. Items purchased from Bunnings Warehouse can be found at most hardware stores. https://www.bunnings.com.au/
Galvanised steel angle bracket (125 x 150 mm) – each Bunnings Warehouse AZ11 https://www.bunnings.com.au/
Galvanised tie wire (0.70 mm x 75 m) – per roll Bunnings Warehouse 50218 https://www.bunnings.com.au/
Plastic basin (38 cm, 9 L round) – each Ezy Storage FBA31541 https://www.ezystorage.com/product/laundry/basic-accessories/9l-round-basin/
Plastic funnel (24 cm) – each Sandleford Pf24 https://www.sandleford.com.au/plastic-funnel-24cm
Stainless steel angle bracket (20 mm) – 16 pack Bunnings Warehouse WEB2020 https://www.bunnings.com.au/
Stainless steel screws & nuts (M4 x 15 mm) – 18 pack Bunnings Warehouse SFA394 https://www.bunnings.com.au/
Stainless steel washers (3/16” & M5) – 50 pack Bunnings Warehouse EBM5005 https://www.bunnings.com.au/
Sunlite Polycarbonate roofing sheet (8mm x 610 mm x 2.4 m) – each Suntuf (Palram Industries Ltd) SL8CL2.4 https://www.palram.com/au/product/sunlite-polycarbonate-multi-wall/
Treated pine paling (150 x 12 mm) – each STS Timber Wholesale P/L n/a https://www.ststimber.com.au/sts-timber-wholesale-products/fencing
Wooden stakes (1200 x 17 x 17 mm) – 10 pack Lattice Makers n/a https://latticemakers.com/product/tomato-stakes-17x17mm-pack-of-10/

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Cite This Article
Robert, K. A., Dimovski, A. M., Robert, J. A., Griffiths, S. R. Low-Cost Automated Flight Intercept Trap for the Temporal Sub-Sampling of Flying Insects Attracted to Artificial Light at Night. J. Vis. Exp. (178), e63156, doi:10.3791/63156 (2021).

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