Summary

使用下一代测序的 T 和 B 细胞受体免疫再剧目分析

Published: January 12, 2021
doi:

Summary

当前协议描述了从血液样本和肠道活检中分离脱氧核糖核酸的方法、用于下一代测序的 TCR® 和 IGH PCR 库的生成、NGS 运行的性能和基本数据分析。

Abstract

免疫记忆是适应性免疫的标志,由T和B淋巴细胞编排。在循环和不同的器官中,有数十亿个独特的T细胞和B细胞克隆,每个克隆可以结合特定的抗原,导致增殖、分化和/或细胞因子分泌。T细胞和B细胞中巨大的异质性是由不同基因片段的随机重组产生的。近十年来开发的下一代测序技术,使T和B细胞受体免疫剧目能够史无前例地深入观察。对各种炎症条件、免疫缺陷、感染和恶性肿瘤的研究表明,免疫资源在克隆性、基因使用和生物物理特性方面发生了显著变化,为适应性免疫反应在不同疾病中的作用提供了重要的见解。

在这里,我们为来自血液和组织的T细胞和B细胞的免疫剧目NGS提供详细的协议。我们通过图书馆准备、NGS测序仪测序和基本分析,提出从 DNA 分离开始的管道。这种方法能够在核苷酸或氨基酸水平上探索特定的T和B细胞,从而能够识别淋巴细胞种群的动态变化和不同疾病的多样性参数。该技术正在慢慢进入临床实践,具有识别新型生物标志物、风险分层和精密医学的潜力。

Introduction

自适应免疫系统由T和B淋巴细胞组成,利用免疫记忆识别以前遇到的抗原并启动快速反应。淋巴细胞在骨髓中生成,在胸腺(T细胞)或骨髓(B细胞)中成熟。T细胞受体 (TCR) 和 B 细胞受体 (BCR) 都显示独特的配置,允许识别特定的抗原。在平衡中,T细胞和B细胞不断循环和测量抗原呈现细胞上出现的数万亿种不同的肽。TCR 或 BCR 结对具有高亲和力的特定抗原,以及适当的共同刺激,导致细胞活化,导致细胞因子分泌、克隆扩张和抗体生成,在 B 细胞的情况下。

不同T或B细胞的巨大阵列统称为免疫剧目,能够识别无数不同的表皮。为了产生如此庞大的剧目,不同基因片段的随机组装过程非常复杂,产生几乎无穷无尽的受体组合,可以结合独特的抗原1。这个过程称为V(D)J重组,包括不同变量(V)、多样性(D)和连接(J)基因的重新排列,同时在2号路口随机删除和插入核苷酸。

几十年来,适应性免疫系统的架构一直让不同领域的科学家感兴趣。过去,桑格测序、互补确定区域 3 (CDR3) 光谱和流动细胞测量用于描述免疫剧目,但分辨率较低。在过去十年中,下一代测序 (NGS) 方法的进步使人们能够深入了解个人 TCR 和 BCR 剧目3、4的特征和组成。这些高通量系统 (HTS) 序列和处理数百万重新排列的 TCR 或 BCR 产品,并允许高分辨率分析核苷酸或氨基酸水平的特定 T 和 B 细胞。NGS 提供了一个新的策略来研究健康和疾病的免疫剧目。利用HTS的研究表明,在自身免疫性疾病5、原发性免疫力6、7和恶性肿瘤(如急性骨髓性白血病8)中,TCR和BCR的病变。使用NGS,我们和其他人已经显示寡头球扩大特定的T和B细胞克隆,在炎症性肠病(IBD)患者,包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病9,10,11,12,13,14。总的来说,来自不同领域的研究表明,剧目的变化在免疫介质紊乱的发病机理中起着至关重要的作用。

当前协议描述了从肠道活检和血液中分离脱氧核糖核酸的方法、为 NGS 生成 TCR® 和 IGH PCR 库以及测序运行的性能。我们还提供免疫剧目数据分析的基本步骤。此协议也适用于 TCR®、TCRγ和 IGL 库的生成。只要使用组织特定的消化方案,该方法还与其他器官(如淋巴结、肿瘤、突触液、脂肪组织等)兼容。

Protocol

这项研究得到了谢巴医疗中心机构审查委员会的批准,并获得了所有参与主体的书面同意。 1. DNA分离和量化 肠道活检的消化和细胞裂解 检索肠道活检,无论是新收集的还是储存在-20°C或-80°C的活检。 如果使用冷冻活检,在冰上解冻。 在无菌的1.7mL微离心管中加入600微L核裂解溶液,在冰上冷却。 将活检放入带裂解溶液的微中性管中,在 65 °C 下…

Representative Results

在此,我们描述了一种从肠道组织和血液中分离DNA的方法,NGS的库的准备,以及免疫排泄测序测序运行的基本步骤。运行将生成 fastq 文件,可进一步转换为 fasta 文件,用于国际免疫基因 (IMGT) /HighV-QUEST 平台。此 HTS 在核苷酸级别15上执行和管理数万个重新排列的 TCR® 和 IGH 序列的许多分析。IMGT/高V-QUEST 能够分析健康和疾病中的不同 TCR 和 IGH 剧目。这可以导致新的”疾病特异性…

Discussion

B和T淋巴细胞的丰度和功能的变化经常遇到不同的恶性肿瘤18,慢性炎症性疾病(如溃疡性结肠炎和类风湿关节炎)10,19,并在各种免疫缺陷17,20。当前方法利用 NGS 促进对 TCR 和 BCR 剧目的深入观察,从而能够检测 T 和 B 细胞克隆的细微变化、克隆共享、V(D)J 基因的使用以及 B 细胞体细?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

没有。

Materials

2-propanol Sigma I9516-500ML
1.7 mL micro-centrifuge tubes Axygen 8187631104051
15 mL centrifuge tubes Greiner 188261
Absolute ethanol Merck 1.08543.0250
Amplitaq Gold Thermo Fisher N8080241
AMPure XP Beads Beckman Coulter A63881
Heat block Bioer Not applicable
High Sensitivity D1000 Sample Buffer Agilent 5067-5603 For Tapestation
High Sensitivity D1000 ScreenTape Agilent 5067-5584 For Tapestation. Tubes sold seperately
Lymphotrack Assay kit Invivoscribe TRB: 70-91210039 IGH: 70-92250019 Each includes 24 indexes
MiSeq Reagent Kit v2 (500 cycle) Illumina MS-102-2003 Includes standard flow cell type and all reagents required
MiSeq Sequencer Illumina SY-410-1003
PCR strips 4titude 4ti-0792
Proteinase K Invitrogen EO0491
Qubit 4 Fluorometer Thermo Fisher Q33226
Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit Thermo Fisher Q32854 Includes buffer, dye, standards, and specialized tubes
Shaker Biosan Not applicable
Tapestation 2100 Bioanalyzer Agilent G2940CA
ultra pure water Bio-lab 7501
Wizard DNA isolation kit Promega A1120 Includes cell lysis solution, nuclei lysis solution, and protein precipitation buffer

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Cite This Article
Werner, L., Dor, C., Salamon, N., Nagar, M., Shouval, D. S. T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing. J. Vis. Exp. (167), e61792, doi:10.3791/61792 (2021).

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