人类诱导的多能干细胞(hiPSC)被认为是用于药物和化学筛选以及开发用于毒性测试的新体外模型(包括神经毒性)的有力工具。这里描述了将hiPSC分化为神经元和神经胶质的详细方案。
人类多能干细胞可以分化成可应用于基于人体的体外毒性测定的各种细胞类型。一个主要优点是体细胞重编程产生人诱导多能干细胞(hiPSCs)避免了与使用人类胚胎干细胞(hESCs)相关的伦理和立法问题。 HiPSC可以扩展和有效地分化成不同类型的神经元和神经胶质细胞,用作毒性测试的测试系统,特别是评估涉及神经毒性的不同途径。这项工作描述了将hiPSC分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞的混合培养物的方案。定义由神经元分化调节和/或激活的信号通路。该信息对于将新型毒素测试范例应用于细胞模型至关重要,其中化学物质基于其对pe的能力进行评估rturb生物学途径。作为概念证明,鱼藤酮是线粒体呼吸复合物I的抑制剂,用于评估Nrf2信号通路的活化,Nrf2信号通路是抵抗氧化应激的抗氧化反应元件(ARE)驱动的细胞防御机制的关键调节剂。
美国国家研究委员会报告1设想了一种新的毒性测试范例,其中监管毒性测试将从依赖于在动物中观察到的表型变化的方法转变为侧重于使用人类细胞的机械性体外测定的方法。多能干细胞(PSC)衍生物可代表癌细胞模型的替代品,因为所获得的细胞可能更接近人类组织的生理条件,并提供更多的相关工具来研究化学诱导的不良反应。最有希望进行毒性测试的两种主要类型的PSC培养物是人胚胎干细胞(hESCs)和人诱导多能干细胞(hiPSCs),目前广泛应用于基础研究和再生医学领域2,3 。现在可以利用这一专门知识来开发一类新的毒素gical 体外测试旨在确定涉及体内不良反应发展的扰动生理途径。然而,基于hESC的监管安全评估的测试方法将不可能被所有欧盟成员国和全世界的国家接受,因为可能存在道德问题,以及规范使用胚胎衍生细胞的各种国家立法政策。
hiPSCs具有类似于hESCs 4,5的特征 ,并且对于体外方法具有巨大潜力,用于鉴定治疗靶标以及用于安全性评估。此外,hiPSC技术减轻了有限供体池的限制以及与胚胎细胞相关的伦理问题。 hiPSC的一个主要挑战是证明这些细胞可以重复产生显着范围的毒理相关的细胞衍生物,具有人体组织典型的特征和反应。所选标记的预定水平通常用于表征分化过程后的细胞群体,并提供对分化过程的稳定性的洞察。
以前的作品评估了hiPSC产生神经元和神经胶质细胞混合培养物的适用性,并评估了鱼藤酮(线粒体呼吸复合物I的抑制剂)对Nrf2通路的激活的影响,Nrf2途径是抗氧化防御机制的关键调节剂许多细胞类型6,7 。
这项工作描述了用于将hiPSC分化成混合神经元和胶质细胞培养物的方案,提供了在神经元/胶质细胞分化时被激活的信号通路(基因和蛋白质水平)的细节。此外,这项工作显示了代表性的结果,证明了这一点hiPSC衍生的神经元和神经胶质细胞模型可用于评估用鱼藤酮进行急性(24小时)治疗诱导的Nrf2信号传导激活,允许评估氧化应激诱导。
IMR90成纤维细胞通过使用pMIG载体6的2种转录因子(Oct4和Sox2)的病毒转导,在I-Stem(法国)上重编程为hiPSC。也可以应用类似的hiPSC模型。下文描述的方案总结了hiPSC分化为神经干细胞(NSCs)的所有阶段,并进一步分为有丝分裂后神经元和神经胶质细胞的混合培养物(步骤1和2,还可参见EURL ECVAM DBALM网站,详细描述协议) 8 。
用于分离,扩增,低温保存和进一步将NSCs分化为混合神经元和神经胶质细胞的方案详见步骤3和4(也参见EURL ECVAM DBALM我们bsite详细说明此协议) 9 。步骤5描述了在承诺和分化的几个阶段期间可以进行的评估细胞表型鉴定的分析。
这项工作描述了一个稳健和相对快速的方案,用于将IMR90-hiPSC分化为后有丝分裂神经元和神经胶质细胞。以前公布的基于hESC和hiPSC的神经元分化方案通常产生高百分比的神经前体25,26和大量神经元靶细胞27,28,29,30,31,32,33。类似地,本文描述的分化方案适用于产生GABA能,谷氨酸能和多巴胺能神经元细胞的不均匀培养物,以及神经胶质和离散比例的巢蛋白+细胞。谷氨酸能(〜35-42%)和GABA能(〜15-20%)神经细胞的存在表明这种文化具有前脑,皮质样特征,并且离散数量的多巴胺能神经元(〜13-20%)的存在也可能表明中脑特异性。此外,适度比例的巢蛋白+细胞的持久性可能适用于神经发生的研究和化学物质对神经干细胞的可能作用,其主要限于前脑34的海马区和脑室下区(SVZ)。进一步的免疫细胞化学和基因表达分析将有助于更好地定义分化细胞衍生物的区域特异性。
本文件描述的分化方案中的两个最关键的步骤是:(i)将hiPSC菌落切割成均质片段(其对于产生具有均匀大小的EB是至关重要的)和(ii)切割神经外胚层结构(玫瑰花结)用于NSC分化,这需要大量的手工技能并且精确地避免收集可能减少分化后获得的神经元和神经胶质细胞的比例的中胚层和内胚层细胞。
在扩展期间(作为未分化的集落或NSCs)和在所有分化步骤期间表征细胞的表型是至关重要的。特别是神经元/神经胶质细胞衍生物的基因和蛋白质表达谱应显示神经元相关信号通路的上调和激活,而多能性标记物的表达应降低。
EB和神经外胚层衍生物(玫瑰花结)的产生可能是手工挑战性的并且易于变异。因此,我们开发了用于扩增玫瑰花源衍生的NSCs的方案,并进一步分化为神经元/神经胶质细胞。
这种差异化方案的可能局限性主要是(i)d的百分比相对较低分化胶质细胞衍生物和(ii)缺乏成熟的神经元网络功能(如缺少突发所示)。此外,星形胶质细胞的特定亚群可以作为初级祖细胞或NSCs发挥作用。虽然在这种分化的细胞培养物中没有观察到巢蛋白/ GFAP双阳性细胞(数据未显示),但假设这些混合培养物中的GFAP +细胞是星形细胞祖细胞和星形胶质细胞。通过延长分化时间是可行的,星形胶质细胞的数量可能会增加,并且其形态可能会变得更加成熟,正如张氏组36,37的先前作品已经指出的那样。
在新的毒性试验范式中,生物通路的化学诱导扰动知识在评估化学逆境时是至关重要的。因此, 体外测试系统应该能够根据不良结局通路(AOP)的概念,将不良反应与信号通路的紊乱相关联。作为概念证明,鱼藤酮可用于评估Nrf2途径的激活,其涉及针对氧化或亲电应激的细胞防御38 ,氧化应激是与各种AOP相关的重要且常见的关键事件发育和成人神经毒性39 。
鱼藤酮应引起Nrf2通路的激活,Nrf2蛋白核转位可以表现,Nrf2靶酶(包括NQO1和SRXN1)的表达增加。已经发现,鱼藤酮诱导GFAP蛋白水平的剂量依赖性增加,表明星形胶质细胞活化40,41 。鱼藤酮也减少多巴胺能(TH + )细胞的数量,这与previ一致显示鱼藤酮依赖性多巴胺能细胞死亡的体外和体内研究,因为这种类型的神经元对氧化应激特别敏感21,22,23 。
总之,这种hiPSC衍生的神经元和神经胶质细胞培养模型是评估导致产生Nrf2途径激活的氧化应激的化学物质的神经毒性作用的有价值的工具。由于该分化方案允许产生神经元细胞(GABAergic,dopaminergic,谷氨酸能神经元)和星形胶质细胞的混合培养物,所以它可能被证明适用于研究生理和病理学条件下的神经元和神经胶质之间的串扰,例如神经变性疾病例如帕金森病)。此外,大量NSCs的存在可能有助于评估化学物质对神经进展的可能影响已知它是化学诱导突变或病毒感染的主要靶标的参与者42 。
The authors have nothing to disclose.
作者要感谢Marc Peschanski博士(I-Stem,法国埃夫里)提供IMR90-hiPSC; Giovanna Lazzari博士和Silvia Colleoni博士(Avantea srl,Cremona,意大利); Simone Haupt博士(德国波恩大学); Tiziana Santini博士(意大利罗马技术研究所)提供关于免疫荧光染色评估的建议; Benedetta Accordi博士,Elena Rampazzo博士和Luca Persano博士(意大利帕多瓦大学)为RPPA分析和抗体验证做出了贡献。资金来源:这项工作得到欧盟资助项目“SCR&Tox”(拨款协议第266753号)的支持。
Complete hiPSC medium: | |||
mTeSR1 Basal Medium | Stem Cell Technologies | 05851 | (Step 1.2.6). Complete mTeSR1 is stable when stored at 2 – 8°C for up to 2 weeks. 5X Supplements can be dispensed into working aliquots and stored at -20°C. Use frozen aliquots within 3 months. |
mTeSR1 5X Supplements | Stem Cell Technologies | 05852 | |
Matrigel hESC-qualified Matrix | Corning | 354277 | 1:100 (Step 1.1). Thaw Matrigel on ice, prepare 200 ul aliquots and store them in -80°C. For coating, dilute 200ul aliquot in 20 ml of DMEM/F12 medium. |
CryoStem Freezing Medium | Stemgent | 01-0013-50 | Freeze ~ 100 fragments/250 ul/vial (Step 1.2.1) |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
hiPSC EB medium: | |||
Knockout DMEM | Thermo-Fisher | 10829-018 | (Step 2.1.7) |
Knockout Serum Replacement (KOSR) | Thermo-Fisher | 10828-028 | 20% final concentration (Step 2.1.7) |
Non-Essential Amino Acids | Thermo-Fisher | 11140-035 | (Step 2.1.7) |
Penicillin/Streptomycin | Thermo-Fisher | 15140-122 | 50 U/mL final concentration (Step 2.1.7) |
L-Glutamine 200 mM Solution | Thermo-Fisher | 25030-081 | 2 mM final concentration (Step 2.1.7) |
β-Mercaptoethanol | Thermo-Fisher | 31350-010 | 50 µM final concentration (Step 2.1.7) |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Complete neuroepithelial induction medium (NRI): | |||
DMEM/F12 | Thermo-Fisher | 3133-038 | (Step 2.3.1) |
Non-Essential Amino Acids | Thermo-Fisher | 11140-035 | (Step 2.3.1) |
N2 Supplement | Thermo-Fisher | 17502-048 | (Step 2.3.1) |
Penicillin/Streptomycin | Thermo-Fisher | 15140-122 | 50 U/mL final concentration (Step 2.3.1) |
Heparin Grade I-A, ≥180 USP units/mg | Sigma-Aldrich | H3149-100KU | 2 µg/ml final concentration (Step 2.3.1) |
bFGF | Thermo-Fisher | 13256-029 | 20 ng/ml final concentration added before use (Step 2.3.1) |
Matrigel Basement Membrane Matrix | Corning | 354234 | 1:100 (Step 2.2). Thaw Matrigel on ice, prepare 200 ul aliquots and store them in -80°C. For coating, dilute 200 ul aliquot in 20 ml of cold DMEM/F12 medium. |
Laminin | Sigma-Aldrich | L2020 | 1:100 (Step 2.2). Dilute in PBS 1X. |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Complete Neuronal Differentiation medium (ND): | |||
Neurobasal Medium | Thermo-Fisher | 21103049 | (Step 2.4.11) |
B-27 Supplements (50x) | Thermo-Fisher | 17504044 | (Step 2.4.11) |
N2 Supplement | Thermo-Fisher | 17502-048 | (Step 2.4.11) |
Penicillin/Streptomycin | Thermo-Fisher | 15140-122 | 50 U/mL final concentration (Step 2.4.11) |
GDNF | Thermo-Fisher | PHC7045 | 1 ng/ml final concentration. Added before use. (Step 2.4.11) |
BDNF | Thermo-Fisher | PHC7074 | 2.5 ng/ml final concentration. Added before use. (Step 2.4.11) |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Neural induction medium (NI): | |||
DMEM/F12 | Thermo-Fisher | 3133-038 | (Step 3.3) |
Non-Essential Amino Acids | Thermo-Fisher | 11140-035 | (Step 3.3) |
N2 Supplement | Thermo-Fisher | 17502-048 | (Step 3.3) |
Penicillin/Streptomycin | Thermo-Fisher | 15140-122 | 50 U/mL final concentration (Step 3.3) |
Heparin Grade I-A, ≥180 USP units/mg | Sigma-Aldrich | H3149-100KU | 2 µg/ml final concentration (Step 3.3) |
B-27 Supplement (50X), minus vitamin A | Thermo-Fisher | 12587010 | (Step 3.3) |
L-Glutamine 200 mM Solution | Thermo-Fisher | 25030-081 | 2 mM final concentration (Step 3.3) |
bFGF | Thermo-Fisher | 13256-029 | 10 ng/ml final concentration. Added before use (Step 3.3) |
EGF | Thermo-Fisher | PHG6045 | 10 ng/ml final concentration. Added before use (Step 3.3) |
BDNF | Thermo-Fisher | PHC7074 | 2.5 ng/ml final concentration. Added before use (Step 3.3) |
Defined Trypsin Inhibitor (DTI) | Thermo-Fisher | R007-100 | Pre-warm at 37°C. Add an equal amount of DTI to Trypsin-EDTA (Step 3.10) |
Trypsin-EDTA (0.5%), no phenol red | Thermo-Fisher | 15400054 | 1:10. Dilute Trypsin-EDTA in PBS 1x (without calcium and magnesium), pre-warm the solution at 37°C (Step 3.8) |
CryoStor cell cryopreservation medium | Sigma-Aldrich | C2874-100ML | (Step 4.2) |
Trypan Blue (0.4%) | Sigma-Aldrich | T8154-100ML | multiple manufacturers/suppliers |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
TaqMan Probesets and reagents for gene expression analysis: | |||
RNAqueous-Micro kit | Thermo-Fisher | AM1931 | (Step 5.1.6) |
High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kits | Thermo-Fisher | 4368814 | |
TaqMan Gene Expression Master Mix | Thermo-Fisher | 4369016 | |
GFAP | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00909233_m1 | |
MAP2 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00258900_m1 | |
NQO1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs02512143_s1 | |
SRXN1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00607800_m1 | |
HMOX1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs01110250_m1 | |
GSR | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00167317_m1 | |
PAX6 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs01088112_m1 | |
NES | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00707120_s1 | |
GRIA1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00181348_m1 | |
GAP43 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00967138_m1 | |
GABRA3 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00968132_m1 | |
GABRA1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00168058_m1 | |
NR4A2 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00428691_m1 | |
TH | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00165941_m1 | |
GAPDH | Thermo-Fisher | Hs02758991_g1 | |
ACTB | Thermo-Fisher | Hs99999903_m1 | |
MAPT | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00902194_m1 | |
SYP | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00300531_m1 | |
NANOG | Thermo-Fisher | Hs04260366_g1 | |
POU5F1 (OCT4) | Thermo-Fisher | Hs04195369_s1 | |
SOX1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs01057642_s1 | |
AFP | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00173490_m1 | |
KRT18 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs01941416_g1 | |
NPPA | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00383230_g1 | |
T | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00610080_m1 | |
NCAM1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00941821_m1 | |
NR4A1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00374226_m1 | |
PHOX2A | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00605931_mH | |
PHOX2B | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00243679_m1 | |
NARG2 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00973298_g1 | |
SLC18A3 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00268179_s1 | |
SLC5A7 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00222367_m1 | |
ISL1 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs00158126_m1 | |
LHX3 | Thermo-Fisher | Hs01033412_m1 | |
TaqMan Human Protein Kinase Array | Thermo-Fisher | 4418721 | |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Antibodies and reagents for immunostaining: | |||
B-III-tubulin (Tuj1) | Covance | MMS-435P | 1:500 (Step 5.2.5). Other antibodies may also be used. |
MAP2 | Sigma Aldrich | M4403 | 1:500 |
NF200 | Sigma Aldrich | N4142 | 1:1000 |
GFAP | Acris Antibodies GmbH | AP02002SU-N | 1:500 |
Nestin | Sigma-Aldrich | N5413 | 1:200 |
synaptophysin (SYN) | Abcam | AB14692 | 1:200 |
Tau | Thermo-Fisher | MA5-12808 | 1:100 |
Nrf2 | Abcam | AB62352 | 1:200 |
Keap1 | Abcam | AB66620 | 1:200 |
sulfiredoxin1 (SRXN1) | Abcam | AB92298 | 1:200 |
NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) | Abcam | AB2346 | 1:200 |
OCT4 | Millipore | MAB4401 | 1:100 |
SSEA3 | Millipore | MAB4303 | 1:100 |
Tra1-60 | Millipore | MAB4360 | 1:250 |
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) | Millipore | AB152 | 1:200 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | Sigma-Aldrich | A0310 | 1:100 |
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) | Abcam | AB72311 | 1:500 |
Paraformaldehyde | Sigma-Aldrich | P6148-500G | 4% (4% formaldehyde can also be used) |
DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium | Thermo-Fisher | 14190144 | |
Triton-X-100 Solution | Sigma-Aldrich | 93443-100ML | 0.1% |
BSA 35% | Sigma-Aldrich | A7979-50ML | 3.5% |
Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, DyLight 594 conjugate | Thermo-Fisher | SA5-10040 | 1:500. (Step 5.2.7) Other fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies may also be used. In this case, appropriate dilutions should be tested by the enduser. |
Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Cross Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, DyLight 488 conjugate | Thermo-Fisher | SA5-10166 | 1:500 |
Donkey anti-Goat IgG (H+L) Cross Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, DyLight 488 conjugate | Thermo-Fisher | SA5-10086 | 1:500 |
DAPI Solution (1 mg/ml) | Thermo-Fisher | 62248 | 1:1000 (Step 5.2.7) |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Antibodies for Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA): | |||
4E-BP1 (S65) | Abcam | AB81297 | 1:250 (Note after step 5.2.8) |
Akt (T308) | Cell Signaling | 9275 | 1:100 |
Akt (S473) | Cell Signaling | 9271 | 1:100 |
AMPKalpha (T172) | Cell Signaling | 2531 | 1:100 |
AMPKbeta1 (S108) | Cell Signaling | 4181 | 1:100 |
ATF-2 (T71) | Cell Signaling | 9221 | 1:100 |
c-Jun (S63) | Cell Signaling | 9261 | 1:200 |
c-Jun (S73) | Cell Signaling | 9164 | 1:200 |
c-Kit (Y719) | Cell Signaling | 3391 | 1:250 |
CREB (S133) | Cell Signaling | 9191 | 1:100 |
EGFR (Y1068) | Cell Signaling | 2234 | 1:50 |
ErbB2/HER2 (Y1248) | Cell Signaling | 2247 | 1:100 |
ERK 1/2, p44/42 (T202/Y204) | Cell Signaling | 9101 | 1:2000 |
GSK-3alpha (S21) | Cell Signaling | 9337 | 1:50 |
Jak1 (Y1022/1023) | Cell Signaling | 3331 | 1:100 |
Lck (Y505) | Cell Signaling | 2751 | 1:500 |
LKB1 (S428) | Cell Signaling | 3051 | 1:100 |
mTOR (S2448) | Cell Signaling | 5536 | 1:100 |
NFkB p65 (S536) | Cell Signaling | 3031 | 1:50 |
p70 S6 Kinase (T389) | Cell Signaling | 9205 | 1:200 |
PDK1 (S241) | Cell Signaling | 3061 | 1:100 |
PKA C (T197) | Cell Signaling | 4781 | 1:250 |
PRAS40 (T246) | BioSource | 44-1100 | 1:2000 |
PTEN (S380) | Cell Signaling | 9551 | 1:500 |
Smad1 (S463/465), Smad5 (S463/465), Smad8 (S426/428) | Cell Signaling | 9511 | 1:500 |
Src (Y527) | Cell Signaling | 2105 | 1:500 |
Src Family (Y416) | Cell Signaling | 2101 | 1:200 |
Stat1 (Y701) | Cell Signaling | 9171 | 1:200 |
Stat3 (S727) | Cell Signaling | 9134 | 1:200 |
Zap-70 (Y319) | Enogene | E011159 | 1:100 |
βCatenin (S33/37/T41) | Cell Signaling | 9561 | 1:250 |
CREB | Upstate Biotechnologies | 06-863 | 1:100 |
Fos B | Cell Signaling | 2251 | 1:200 |
GRB2 | Cell Signaling | 3972 | 1:2000 |
HSP70 | Stressgen | SPA-810 | 1:100 |
c-Jun | Cell Signaling | 9165 | 1:100 |
Kip1/p27 | BD | 610241 | 1:100 |
Lck | Cell Signaling | 2984 | 1:250 |
Mcl-1 | Cell Signaling | 4572 | 1:80 |
Musashi | Cell Signaling | 2154 | 1:100 |
NOTCH1 | Cell Signaling | 3439 | 1:100 |
PTEN | Cell Signaling | 9552 | 1:500 |
SGK1 | Abnova | PAB4590 | 1:250 |
Zap-70 | Cell Signaling | 2705 | 1:250 |
β-Catenin | Abcam | AB32572 | 1:1000 |
Dll4 | Abcam | AB7280 | 1:500 |
Shh | Abcam | AB53281 | 1:250 |
HIF-1α | BD | 610958 | 1:50 |
NUMB PAN-ISO | Upstate Biotechnologies | 07-207 | 1:400 |
NUMB-L | Chemicon | AB15145 | 1:750 |
Cyclin B | BD | 610220 | 1:75 |
c-Myc | Calbiochem | OP-10 | 1:100 |
BCIP/NBT Kit | Thermo-Fisher | 002209 | (Note after step 5.2.8). Kit used to measure alkaline phosphatase activity, similar kits can be used. |
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Antibodies for Flow Cytometry: | |||
SSEA1 Antibody, Pacific Blue conjugate | Thermo-Fisher | MHCD1528 | 1:100 (Note after step 5.2.8) |
SSEA4 Antibody (MC813-70), Alexa Fluor 647 | Thermo-Fisher | SSEA421 | 1:100 |
Name | Company | Catalog number | Comments |
Specific instruments, tools and softwares: | |||
Countess Automated Cell Counter | Thermo-Fisher | C10227 | Neubauer chamber or other suitable glass hemocytometer can be used. |
MEA1060-Inv-BC | Multichannel Systems | MEA1060-Inv-BC | (Step 5.3) |
MEA1060-BC control software | Multichannel Systems | MEA1060-BC | (Step 5.3) |
NeuroExplorer | Multichannel Systems | NeuroExplorer (NE) | (Step 5.3) For post-processing of MEA data |
Multielectrode arrays (MEA) | Multichannel Systems | 60MEA100/10iR-Ti-gr | (Step 5.3) Single-well MEA chip |
ArrayScan XTI High Content Platform | Thermo-Fisher | ASN00002P | (Step 5.2.8) Mean fluorescence can be quantified by using specific ArrayScan algorithms (e.g., Cytotoxicity V.4 and NucTrans V.4 bioapplications). It is recommended to take minimum 20 pictures/well, and have 7-8 internal replicates per condition |
7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System | Thermo-Fisher | 4351405 | (Step 5.1.6) |
BD ULTRA-FINE Needle Insulin Syringe (with 30G needle) | BD | 328280 | (Steps 1.3.1, 2.1.2, and 2.4.1) |
StemPro EZPassage Disposable Stem Cell Passaging Tool | ThermoFisher | 23181010 | This colony cutting tool can be used as an alternative to the use of 30G needle 1 mL syringes (Step 1.3.1) |
Ultra-Low attachment Petri dish (60 mm) | Corning | 10010582 | (Step 2.1.8) Also other brands can be used. |
Mr. Frosty Freezing container | Sigma-Aldrich | C1562-1EA |