在比较中国的词汇判断和命名任务之间的频率效应
Summary
Researchers adopt both the lexical decision task and the naming task to investigate some important topics such as character/word recognition by comparing the frequency effect between these two tasks. This article introduces this approach through two exemplar experiments and elaborates on the underlying logic.
Abstract
In psycholinguistic research, the frequency effect can be one of the indicators for eligible experimental tasks that examine the nature of lexical access. Usually, only one of those tasks is chosen to examine lexical access in a study. Using two exemplar experiments, this paper introduces an approach to include both the lexical decision task and the naming task in a study. In the first experiment, the stimuli were Chinese characters with frequency and regularity manipulated. In the second experiment, the stimuli were switched to Chinese two-character words, in which the word frequency and the regularity of the leading character were manipulated. The logic of these two exemplar experiments was to explore some important issues such as the role of phonology on recognition by comparing the frequency effect between both the tasks. The results revealed different patterns of lexical access from those reported in the alphabetic systems. The results of Experiment 1 manifested a larger frequency effect in the naming task as compared to the LDT, when the stimuli were Chinese characters. And it is noteworthy that, in Experiment 1, when the stimuli were regular Chinese characters, the frequency effect observed in the naming task was roughly equivalent to that in the LDT. However, a smaller frequency effect was shown in the naming task as compared to the LDT, when the stimuli were switched to Chinese two-character words in Experiment 2. Taking advantage of the respective demands and characteristics in both tasks, researchers can obtain a more complete and precise picture of character/word recognition.
Introduction
在阅读体验，一个字的较高发生增加其将会被识别的速度，这被称为在心理语言学领域的频率效应。在操控心理研究词频的变化，人们观察认识常用字1,2下限阈值。在70年代末，这个词频率已经被广泛认为是影响词识别3,4最重要的变量之一。聚焦这个词的频率和涉及其他相关变量，在解释这个词最认可的理论已经建成和推广5-9。因此，如果它被要求，一个任务可以有效地捕捉单词识别的过程中，它应该是单词频率的变化敏感。在文字识别文学，无论是词汇判断任务（LDT）和命名任务符合这个标准和研究人员一般选择其中一个探到underlyi承认NG机制。
其中有关在不同的语言文字识别的研究中，LDT和命名的任务一直使用响应时间的措施，了解阅读的心理过程的经典实验方法。在LDT中，研究人员测量了参与者的决策有关的书面刺激是否是一个词或没有时间。至于命名任务中，研究人员测量它需要多长时间参与者大声说话写的字。但是，任一两个任务具有自身的任务的要求和限制。的LDT涉及词语和非字/伪单词，和参与者的决策过程之间的识别过程。命名任务要求参与者发音刺激，以及语音信息必须被用来完成任务的要求。
在以前的研究中两个任务的结果表现在各种脚本不同频率的影响。在字母的系统中，LDT表现比命名任务3更大的频率的效果。在Balota和Chumbley（1984），意见低频字具有与非字/伪单词相似正字。因此，它需要更长的时间参加到判别正交相似之处做出准确的反应，这可能是夸大在LDT频率效应。虽然在命名的任务，尤其是当刺激来自浅层文字的语言，参加者使用正字法对音韵学（OP）的转换规则做出反应可能发音的单词才真正识别它。这种命名需求已被作为对承认字母语言可能预词汇音韵学的证据。这样的命名策略被认为破坏频率效应10。总之，尽管敏感的反射，字频的操作可以在两个任务可以观察到的，LDT和命名任务可能捕捉迪菲租金阶段，识别过程的特点。为了获得更精确和全面的了解，正确的方法是同时采用两个任务并比较其结果的模式。
从字母的语言不同，中国有较深的正字法的特点和涉及人物除词的概念。在一般情况下，一个中国字（ 例如 ， 
，贾仁，家庭成员）是由两个字符组成（“ 
“佳族;” 
“仁，人）。一个字被确定之前，字中字的识别过程中应完成11，在特有的心理语言学的特点，在中国的一个字符或单词的识别过程是相当独特的FR嗡字识别按字母系统。如果研究结合LDT和在相同的实验，调查在中国频率效应的命名任务，有趣的启示可以示出， 例如 ，对于视觉字符/单词识别语音激活。在处理中国的文字，使用的命名任务表现出了比LDT的，这意味着后词汇音韵12,13存在更大的频率的效果。切换到刺激中国的两个字符的话，就会发生反转形态。更大的频率效应在LDT比的命名发现，提示前期词汇音韵学的存在。参与者根据组件中的字符语音信息产生口头响应，整个单词被识别11，14日之前，而且操纵在刺激中人物的规律性后的结果可以揭示有关语音加工的有价值的信息，并帮助研究人员S补充时，音韵的检索发生约推论。下面的实验显示，研究人员是如何结合LDT和命名任务，调查中国的字符和单词的频率效应来阐述基本逻辑。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
这项研究表明，在两个任务之间的频率效果的差异可以帮助阐明如预词汇和后词汇音韵音韵学上认可的作用。在中国字符识别（实验1），所述音韵过程可以是-词汇后与在命名任务比在LDT更大的频率的效果。这一发现是在拼音文字报告的结果不同。在中国字识别（实验2），在命名任务更小的频率效应可能是由于前期词汇音韵学，这在命名关系到分词字符的过程。
在视觉认字?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项研究是由来自台湾的国家科学委员会的资金支持（MOST 104-2410-H-002-058），以JEI屯吴（NSC 101-2410-H-002-093-MY2）至大黎愁。我们特别感谢去为他们的宝贵意见匿名评论。
Materials
| Standard PC | |||
| E-Prime (version 2.0) | Psychology Software Tools | ||
| Serial Response Box | Psychology Software Tools | The serial response box includes the voice key, which allows researchers to collect vocal latencies with confidence. | |
| Microphone | It can be used to detect the incoming sound by the participant |
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