Chapter 2: Masonry

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2.10:

Types of Building Separation Joints

JoVE Core
Civil Engineering

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JoVE Core Civil Engineering

Types of Building Separation Joints

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2.9: Movement Joints in Buildings

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2.11: Efflorescence in Masonry

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Consider a large shopping mall with a geometrically complex building structure. This complex is subdivided into small, geometrically compact, independent units using building separation joints. These joints are classified as volume change joints, settlement joints, and seismic separation joints. Volume change joints are placed at horizontal or vertical discontinuities in the building to relieve the effects of expansion and contraction of the building units. Generally, these joints are located at intervals of 150 to 200 feet. The tower and the adjoining low-rise wing of the building are separated using settlement joints designed to avoid distress due to different rates of settlements anticipated for the different types of foundation provided. Seismic separation joints are provided between building segments to allow individual units to move independently during an earthquake, preventing damage to one another. Lastly, the individual units existing on either side of the plane of the building separation joint can have their distinct foundations, columns, and slabs, making them independent structures that can move as a unit in response to the forces acting on them.

2.10:

Types of Building Separation Joints

Building separation joints divide large or complex building structures into smaller, discrete units that can move independently. These joints are categorized into three types: volume-change joints, settlement joints, and seismic separation joints.

Volume-change joints address the effects of expansion and contraction due to temperature and moisture variations. They are strategically placed at discontinuities in a building's mass where cracking is most likely and are spaced about 150 to 200 feet apart in elongated structures, with spacing tailored to the material properties and the extent of dimensional changes expected.

Settlement joints are used to prevent structural distress that can occur from differential settlement rates in different parts of a building. This situation can arise in structures with varying foundation types or those built on different soil conditions.

Seismic separation joints are specifically designed for buildings in earthquake-prone areas. These joints divide the building into smaller segments to ensure that each part can move independently during seismic events, minimizing the risk of damage.

Overall, building separation joints are implemented by constructing independent structures on either side of the joint, sometimes with completely separate foundations and structural elements, ensuring manageable movement in response to various forces.