非创伤性脑室内出血啮齿动物模型中的颅内压监测
Summary
监测非创伤性脑室内出血啮齿动物模型中的颅内压在目前的文献中并不常见。在本文中，我们展示了一种在大鼠动物模型中测量脑室内出血期间颅内压、平均动脉压和脑灌注压的技术。
Abstract
脑室内出血的幸存者通常留下明显的长期记忆障碍;因此，利用脑室内出血动物模型进行研究至关重要。在这项研究中，我们寻找了测量大鼠非创伤性脑室内出血期间颅内压、平均动脉压和脑灌注压的方法。实验设计包括三个Sprague Dawley组：假，标准200μl脑室内出血和载体对照组。通过引入实质内光纤压力传感器，在所有组中都获得了精确的颅内压测量值。根据颅内压和平均动脉压值的知识计算脑灌注压。正如预期的那样，脑室内出血组和载体对照组在脑室内注射自体血和人工脑脊液时，颅内压均分别升高，随后脑灌注压下降。增加实质内光纤压力传感器有利于监测精确的颅内压变化。
Introduction
脑室内出血（IVH）是颅内出血（ICH）的一种，是一种毁灭性的疾病，具有很高的死亡率和发病率。IVH的特征是血液制品在颅内脑室内的积聚。孤立性脑室内出血不常见，通常发生在成人1.它可能与高血压出血、颅内动脉瘤破裂或其他血管畸形、肿瘤或创伤有关1.IVH导致继发性脑损伤以及脑积水的发展2。IVH的幸存者在受伤后通常会留下明显的功能，记忆和认知障碍。据报道，这些长期认知和记忆缺陷在高达44%的非物质文化遗产3幸存者中。在蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）中，另一种类型的ICH中，众所周知，大约一半的幸存者会有记忆缺陷，对于那些除了SAH之外还有IVH的患者，结果往往明显更差4，5，6。
IVH后记忆功能障碍的潜在机制仍有待阐明。利用具有功能和记忆功能障碍的非创伤性IVH动物模型进行体内研究对于发现此类患者的潜在治疗靶点至关重要。IVH后记忆和功能障碍更严重的动物模型将是研究这些变化的最佳方法。资深作者的实验室也一直在专门研究高颅内压（ICP）在IVH大鼠模型中记忆缺陷发展中的作用。因此，在IVH期间精确测量ICP的方法对于研究非常重要。在本文中，我们报告了在IVH大鼠模型中精确测量ICP的方法。虽然ICP监测以前已用于创伤性ICH和蛛网膜下腔出血动物模型，但自发性IVH啮齿动物模型中的ICP监测并不像文献中常见报道的那样7，8。因此，本文提出的实验设计包括三组Sprague Dawley大鼠：假手术、标准200μl脑室内出血和载体对照。IVH组采用自体脑室内注射血液模型。对于载体对照动物，使用无菌乳酸林格氏溶液的心室内注射。术中记录ICPs、平均动脉压（MAP）和脑灌注压（CPP），结果在此报告。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
本研究调查了在非创伤性IVH大鼠模型中测量ICP，MAP和CPP的机制。记录以下组的结果：假，VH 200μL和载体对照（人工脑脊液脑室内注射）动物。选择该实验设计来研究如何在IVH注射期间监测ICP，因为我们假设ICP的峰值可能导致更显着的继发性脑损伤，从而导致IVH动物模型中的记忆缺陷。因此，本研究的目标是建立一个IVH动物模型，客观监测非创伤性IVH后的ICP，MAP和CPP，以便我们可以在未来的实验中?…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项工作由NINDS资助：K08NS105914
Materials
| 0.25% bupivacaine | Hospira, Inc. | 409115901 | |
| 1 mL syringe | Covetrus | 60734 | |
| 10% providine iodine solution | Aplicare | MSD093947 | |
| 20 mL syringe | Covidien | 8881520657 | |
| 22 G needles | Becton Dickinson | 305155 | |
| 28 G intraventricular needles | P technologies | 8IC313ISPCXC | C313I/SPC 28-Gneedles to fit 22-G guide cannula with 6 mm projection |
| 3-0 silk suture | Henry Schein, Inc. | SP116 | |
| 3-way-stopcock | Merti Medical Systems | M3SNC | |
| 4% paraformaldehyde | Fisher Chemical | 30525-89-4 | |
| AnyMaze software | Any-Maze behavioral tracking software | Stoelting CO, USA | |
| Artificial ointment | Covetrus | 48272 | |
| Blood collection vials with EDTA | Becton Dickinson | 367856 | |
| Bone wax | CP Medical, Inc. | CPB31A | |
| Carprofen | Zoetis, Inc. | 54771-8507-1 | |
| Centrifuge | Beckman | BE-GS6R | Model GS-6R |
| Cotton tip applicators | Covetrus | 71214 | |
| Drill | Dremel | 1600A011JA | |
| Fiberoptic pressure sensors with readout units | Opsens Medical | OPP-M200-X-80SC- 2.0PTFE-XN-100PIT-P1 and LIS-P1-N-62SC | Opp-M200 packaged pressure sensors with LifeSens system |
| Forceps | 11923-13, 11064-07 | ||
| Gauze | Covetrus | 71043 | |
| Guillotine | World Precision Instruments | 51330 | |
| Heating pad with rectal thermometer | CWE, Inc. | 08-13000 ,08-13014 | TC1000 Temperature controller |
| Hemostats | 13013-14, 13008-12 | ||
| Isoflurane | Covetrus | 29405 | |
| Lactated ringers | Baxter Healthcare Corp. | Y345583 | |
| Laryngoscope | American Diagnostic Corporation | 4080 | |
| Metal clip | Fine Scientic Tools | 18056-14 | |
| Micro scissors | Fine Scientic Tools | 15007-08 | |
| Microscope | Leica | model L2 | |
| Needle driver | 12003-15 | ||
| Polyethylene tubing | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 14-170-12B | PE-50 tubing |
| Rats | Envigo | Sprague Dawley rats 8–10 months old | |
| Scalpel | 10010-00 | ||
| Scissors | 14090-11 | ||
| Stereotaxic instrument | Kopf instruments | Model 940 with ear bars | |
| Syringe pump | KD Scientific | 780100 | Model 100 series |
| Touhy Borst | Abbott | 23242 | |
| Ventilator | Harvard rodent ventilator | 55-0000 | Model 683 |
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