The accurate values of population parameters such as population proportion, population mean, and population standard deviation (or variance) are usually …
The degree of freedom for a particular statistical calculation is the number of values that are free to vary. Thus, the minimum number of independent …
The population standard deviation is rarely known in many day-to-day examples of statistics. When the sample sizes are large, it is easy to estimate the …
The z and the Student t distribution estimate the population mean using the sample mean and standard deviation. However, to decide which distribution to …
How does one determine if bingo numbers are evenly distributed or if some numbers occurred with a greater frequency? Or if the types of movies people …
Consider a curve representing sample data drawn randomly from a normally distributed population. One must construct confidence intervals to estimate or to …
When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of …
A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution …
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test …
Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of …
Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic …
Anesthesia arguably provides one of the only systematic ways to study the neural correlates of global consciousness/unconsciousness. However to date most …
