Chapter 0
Physics Basics
![Introduction to Scalars](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12608.jpg)
Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period…
![Vector Product (Cross Product)](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12615.jpg)
Vector multiplication of two vectors yields a vector product, with the magnitude equal to the product of the individual vectors multiplied by the…
![Units and Standards of Measurement](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12601.jpg)
A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example,…
![Accuracy and Precision](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12604.jpg)
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the…
![Random and Systematic Errors](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13502.jpg)
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can…
![Position and Displacement](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12616.jpg)
The position of an object defines its location relative to a convenient frame of reference at any particular time. A frame of reference is an…
![Mass and Weight](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12647.jpg)
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example, medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but…
![Newton's Second Law](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12646.jpg)
Newton's second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and…
![Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/50254_t.png)
Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
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Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color;…
![High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/50559_t.png)
High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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Multi-dimensional and transient flows play a key role in many areas of science, engineering, and health sciences but are often not well understood.…