Indiana University Health Southern Indiana Physicians 1 article published in JoVE Biology A Proximal Culture Method to Study Paracrine Signaling Between Cells Subramanyam Dasari1, Taruni Pandhiri1, James Haley1, Dean Lenz2, Anirban K. Mitra1,3,4 1Indiana University School of Medicine, 2Urology, Indiana University Health Southern Indiana Physicians, 3Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, 4Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine Paracrine and juxtacrine cellular interactions play an important role in many biological processes, including tumor progression, immune responses, angiogenesis, and development. Here, a proximal culture method is used to study paracrine signaling where the localized concentrations of the secreted factors are maintained while preventing direct cellular contact.