Summary

低血清条件下心脏祖细胞内皮分化的诱导作用

Published: January 07, 2019
doi:

Summary

该方案描述了一种用于心脏祖细胞的内皮分化技术。它特别关注血清浓度和细胞播种密度如何影响内皮分化潜力。

Abstract

心脏祖细胞 (cpc) 可能具有损伤后心脏再生的治疗潜力。在成年哺乳动物的心脏, 内在的 cpc 是极其稀缺的, 但扩大的 cpc 可能是有用的细胞治疗。它们使用的一个先决条件是它们能够使用定义和有效的协议以可控的方式区分到各种心脏谱系中。此外, 在体外扩张后, 从患者或临床前疾病模型中分离出的 cpc 可为疾病机制的调查提供富有成效的研究工具。

目前的研究使用不同的标记来识别 cpc。然而, 并不是所有的研究都是在人类身上表达的, 这限制了一些临床前研究的转化影响。无论隔离技术和标记表达如何, 都适用的差异化协议将允许为细胞治疗目的对 cpc 进行标准化扩展和启动。本文描述了在低胎牛血清 (fbs) 浓度和低细胞密度条件下对 cpc 的启动有利于 cpc 的内皮分化. 利用小鼠和大鼠 cpc 的两个不同亚群, 我们表明, 层压蛋白是一种更重要的根据以下协议, 为此目的, 适合基材比纤维连接蛋白: 在培养基中培养 2-3天, 包括维持多效能力的补充剂和3.5% 的 fbs 后, 在层压蛋白上播种 lt;60% 的融合, 并培养在内皮分化培养基分化前20-24小时内, 低浓度 fbs (0.1%) 的无补充培养基。由于 cpc 是异质性人群, 因此可能需要根据各自 cpc 亚群的特性调整血清浓度和培养时间。考虑到这一点, 该技术也可以应用于其他类型的 cpc, 并提供了一个有用的方法来调查的潜力和机制的分化, 以及他们如何受到疾病的影响时, 使用从各自的疾病模型隔离的 cpc。

Introduction

最近的研究支持在成年哺乳动物心脏1,2,3 和 cpc 中存在的常驻心脏祖细胞 (cpc) 可以成为心脏损伤4后细胞治疗的有用来源.5. 此外, 扩大的 cpc 可为药物筛查和调查疾病机制提供一个富有成效的模式, 如果与罕见的心肌病患者或各自的疾病模型6,7分离。

从成人心脏中分离出的 cpc 具有干细胞细胞1238, 因为它们是多能、克隆性的, 具有自我更新的能力。然而, 有许多不同的 (子) cpc 群表现出不同的表面标记特征, 例如, 包括 c-kit、sca-1 等, 或通过不同的隔离技术检索 (表 1)。已经制定了若干文化和差异化协议 1,2,8, 9,10,11,12, 13,14,15,16,17,18。这些协议在生长因子和血清含量方面的差异主要不同, 这些因素根据培养的目的进行调整, 并可能导致结果和结果的差异, 包括分化效率。

基于标记的隔离技术:

cpc 可以根据特定的表面标记表达式1289101112 13进行隔离,14,15,16,17,18。先前的研究表明, c-kit 和 sca-1 可能是分离居民cpc 1,11,14,19,20的最佳标记。因为这些标记都不是 cpc 的特定标记, 所以通常会应用不同标记的组合。例如, cpc表达的 c-kit 21 含量较低, 而 c-kit 也被其他细胞类型表达, 包括肥大细胞22、内皮细胞23和造血干细胞/祖细胞24。另一个问题是, 并非所有标记都在所有物种中表达。sca-1 的情况就是如此, 它在老鼠身上表达, 但在人类25中不表达。因此, 在临床试验和使用人体样本的研究中, 使用独立于隔离标记的协议可能是有利的。

与标记无关的隔离技术:

cpc 隔离有几种主要技术, 它们主要独立于曲面标记表达式, 但可以根据需要通过连续选择特定标记正亚分来细化 (另见表 1)。(1) 侧群 (sp) 技术最初的特征是原始的造血干细胞群体, 其基础是通过 atp 结合盒 (abc) 载体27排出 dna 染料 hoechst 3334226 的能力.心脏 sp 细胞已被不同的组分离, 并报告表达了各种标记与一些小差异的报告2,8,13, 14。(2) 成集细胞成纤维细胞 (cfu-f) 最初是根据间充质间质细胞 (msc) 样表型定义的。分离的骨髓间充质干细胞在菜肴上培养, 以诱导菌落的形成。这种形成细胞分裂的 msc 样 cfu-f 可以从成人心脏中分离, 并能够分化为心脏谱系15。(3) 心细胞衍生细胞 (cdc) 是由组织活检或外植体 28293031产生的细胞簇衍生的单个细胞。最近发现, cd105+/cd90/ct-kit细胞部分表现出心肌和再生电位32.

在这里, 我们使用从小鼠身上分离出的 sp-cpc, 根据之前对大鼠 cpc 和小鼠 sp-cpc33的研究, 提供了一种有效诱导内皮谱系的协议。该协议在细胞密度、培养基血清含量和底物方面对培养和扩张技术进行了具体调整。它不仅适用于小鼠 sp-cpc, 也适用于不同类型的 cpc, 目的是诱导命运从放大到内皮承诺的 cpc, 无论是为了移植这些细胞还是用于机械体外研究。

Protocol

将小鼠用于细胞隔离, 符合《实验动物护理和使用指南》和《瑞士动物保护法》, 并得到瑞士州当局的批准。 注: 从鼠标心脏中分离 sca-1+/ cd31-sp-cpc 基本上是按照前面所述的34进行的, 但做了一些修改。有关所使用的材料和试剂, 请参阅材料表。在所有实验中, 从小鼠身上分离出的心脏 sp-cpc 都被扩增、传代, 并以类似细胞系的方式?…

Representative Results

鼠标 sp-pc 隔离: 在这项研究中, 我们使用了根据 sp 表型分离的小鼠 cpc, 而大鼠 cpc 的结果被修改和添加从以前的报告与许可 (图 8)33。 高、低细胞密度和不同血清浓度下的细胞增殖: 我们先前的研究表?…

Discussion

本协议的优点:

该方案提供了一种 cpc 的内皮分化技术。我们发现, 低血清浓度和低细胞密度可以提高内皮分化的效率, 从而在这些条件下, ln 被证明是比 fn 更合适的底物。我们使用了两种不同类型的 cpc: 以类似细胞的方式使用的大鼠 cpc 和被隔离和扩展的小鼠 sp-cpc。值得注意的是, 该协议适用于这两种 cpc, 目前的技术使科学家能够从转基因小鼠和临床前疾病模型以及人类<sup class=…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

作者感谢 vera lorenz 在实验期间提供的有益支持, 并感谢来自巴塞尔大学和大学医院的流式细胞术设施的工作人员。这项工作得到了巴塞尔大学 (到 michika mochizuki) 的 “固定轨道” 项目的支持。gabriela m. kuster 得到瑞士国家科学基金会赠款的支持 (赠款编号 310030 _ 156953)。

Materials

Culture medium
Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) ThermoFisher #12440
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)/Nutrient Mixture F12 Ham Merck #D8437
Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) ThermoFisher #15140122
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) Hyclone #SH30071 3.5% (0.1% for lineage induction)
L-Glutamine  ThermoFisher #25030 Final concentration 2 mM
Glutathione Merck #G6013
Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Peprotech #AF-100-15
Recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Peprotech #AF-100-18B
B27 Supplement ThermoFisher #17504044
Cardiotrophin 1  Peprotech #250-25
Thrombin Diagontech AG, Switzerland #100-125
Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) CaCl2(-), MgCl2(-) ThermoFisher #14170
0.05 % Trypsin-EDTA ThermoFisher #25300
T75 Flask Sarstedt #83.3911
Endothelial differentiation  
Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (EGM)-2 BulletKit Lonza #CC-3162
Ham's F-12K (Kaighn's) Medium ThermoFisher #21127
Laminin  Merck #L2020
Fibronectin  Merck #F4759 Dilute in ddH2O
6 Well Plate Falcon #353046
Formaldehyde Solution Merck #F1635 Diluite 1:10 in PBS (3.7% final concentration)
Triton X-100 Merck #93420 0.1% in ddH2O
Normal Goat Serum (10%) ThermoFisher #50062Z
Anti-von Willebrand Factor antibody Abcam #ab6994 1:100 in 10% goat serum
Goat anti-Rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 546 ThermoFisher #A11010 1:500 in 10% goat serum
4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI) ThermoFisher #62247 1:500 in ddH2O 
SlowFade Antifade Kit ThermoFisher #S2828
BX63 widefield microscope Olympus
Tube formation
96 Well Plate Falcon #353072
5 ml Round Bottom Tube with Strainer Cap Falcon #352235
Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced Corning #354230
IX50 widefield microscope Olympus
Sca-1+/CD31- cardiac side population isolation34 
Reagents
Pentobarbital Natrium 50 mg/ml ad usum vet. in house hospital pharmacy #9077862 Working solution: 200 mg/kg
Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) CaCl2(-), MgCl2(-) ThermoFisher #20012
Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) CaCl2(-), MgCl2(-), phenol red (-) ThermoFisher #14175 Prepare HBSS 500 mL + 2% FBS  for quenching Collagenase B activity 
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) 1g/L of D-Glucose, L-Glutamine, Pyruvate ThermoFisher #331885 Prepare DMEM + 10% FBS  + 25 mM HEPES+ P/S for Hoechst stanining
Penicillin-Streptomycin  (P/S) ThermoFisher #15140122
HEPES 1 M ThermoFisher #15630080 Final concentration 25 mM
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) Hyclone #SH30071
RBC LysisBuffer (10X) BioLegend #420301/100mL Dilute to 1X in ddH2O and filter through a 0.2 µm filter
Collagenase B Merck #11088807001 Final concentration 1 mg/mL in HBSS, filtered through a 0.2 µm filter
bisBenzimide H33342 Trihydrochloride (Hoechst) Merck #B2261 Prepare 1 mg/mL in ddH2O
Verapamil-hydrochloride  Merck #V4629 Final concentration 83.3 µM 
APC Rat Anti-Mouse CD31 BD Biosciences #551262 0.25 µg/107cells
FITC Rat Anti-Mouse Ly-6A/E (Sca-1) BD Biosciences #557405 0.6 µg/107cells
7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-ADD) ThermoFisher #A1310 0.15 µg/106cells
APC rat IgG2a k Isotype Control BD Biosciences #553932 0.25 µg/107cells
FITC Rat IgG2a k Isotype Control BD Biosciences #554688 0.6 µg/107cells
Material
Needles 27G Terumo #NN-2719R
Needles 18G Terumo #NN-1838S
Single Use Syringes 1 mL sterile CODAN #62.1640
Transferpipette 3.5 mL Sarstedt #86.1171.001
Cell Strainer 40 µm blue BD Biosciences  #352340
Cell Strainer 100 µm yellow BD Biosciences #352360
Lumox Dish 50 Sarstedt #94.6077.305
Culture Dishes P100 Corning #353003
Culture Dishes P60 Corning #353004
Mouse
Line Age Breeding
C57BL/6NRj / male 12 weeks in house
Product Name Company Catalogue No.
Reagents
Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) ThermoFisher #12440
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)/Nutrient Mixture F12 Ham Merck #D8437
Penicillin-Streptomycin  (P/S) ThermoFisher #15140122
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) Hyclone #SH30071
L-Glutamine  ThermoFisher #25030
Glutathione Merck #G6013
B27 Supplement ThermoFisher #17504044
Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Peprotech #AF-100-15
Recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Peprotech #AF-100-18B
Cardiotrophin 1  Peprotech #250-25
Thrombin Diagontech AG, Switzerland  #100-125
Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (EGM)-2 BulletKit Lonza #CC-3162
Overview of medium compositions. Some of this infomation is identical with the one provided above, but sorted according to the composition of Media 1-3. 
Product Name Medium 18 Medium 2 Medium 3
Reagents Culture Lineage induction Endothelial diff.
Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) 35% 35%
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)/Nutrient Mixture F12 Ham 65% 65%
Penicillin-Streptomycin  (P/S) 1% 1%
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) 3.5% ≤0.1%
L-Glutamine  2 mM 2 mM
Glutathione 0.2 nM 0.2 nM
B27 Supplement 1.3%
Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) 6.5 ng/mL
Recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 13 ng/mL
Cardiotrophin 1  0.65 ng/mL

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Mochizuki, M., Della Verde, G., Soliman, H., Pfister, O., Kuster, G. M. Induction of Endothelial Differentiation in Cardiac Progenitor Cells Under Low Serum Conditions. J. Vis. Exp. (143), e58370, doi:10.3791/58370 (2019).

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