Summary

人外周血 NK 细胞活性评估流基于流式细胞仪检测细胞毒性检测

Published: August 09, 2017
doi:

Summary

示了流基于流式细胞仪的方法定量地确定人类自然杀手细胞的细胞毒活性。

Abstract

先天免疫系统内效应器淋巴细胞称为自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞在宿主防御对异常细胞,专门消除肿瘤和病毒感染细胞发挥了重要的作用。大约 30 已知的单基因缺陷,一大批其他的病理状况,导致功能或经典 NK 细胞缺陷,表现在减少或缺失细胞毒活性。历史上,还用放射性方法,它是繁琐、 昂贵和有潜在危险的方法研究了细胞毒性。这篇文章描述了一个精简、 临床适用流流式细胞仪基于方法量化 NK 细胞杀伤活性。这种测定方法,外周血单个核细胞 (外周血) 或纯化的 NK 细胞制剂在不同比例共同孵育与已知为 NK 细胞介导的细胞毒性 (NKCC) 对敏感目标肿瘤细胞系。靶细胞是预先标记荧光的荧光染料,使他们从效应器细胞 (NK 细胞) 的歧视。后潜伏期,杀死的靶细胞核酸染色,具体地渗透到死细胞由标识。此方法是服从既诊断研究和应用,得益于多参数流式细胞的能力,有好处,有可能使 NK 细胞表型和功能的更深入的分析。

Introduction

自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是人类先天淋巴细胞批判地参与消除病毒感染的细胞,转化的细胞和其他致病性威胁12的复杂的子集。NK 细胞裂解颗粒房子像穿孔素和 granzymes 细胞毒性蛋白质。激活后,NK 细胞形成复杂的互动关系,与他们的目标称为免疫突触,藉以本地释放这些细胞毒性分子,造成的直接目标细胞裂解和细胞凋亡与细胞因子和趋化因子的释放,并最终在诱导炎症状态134

NK 细胞活化涉及复杂的字符串的激活和抑制相互作用 NK 细胞受体与配体形成严格监管的系统的靶细胞表面表达。NK 细胞活化的研究最机制之一是”缺少自我”。事实上,缺乏检测类我主要组织相容性复合物 (MHC) 上或人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 分子的感染或转化细胞触发器 NK 细胞毒性。肿瘤和病毒感染的细胞普遍下调这些抗原逃避 T 细胞介导的免疫功能,从而成为初级 NK 细胞目标134

NK 细胞功能的评估主要分为肥大或细胞毒性检测方法。然而,脱颗粒含量测定,如 CD107a,肥大关联标记流流式细胞术检测仅仅是功能的指示性的 NK 细胞活化而不是功能的其最终,直接杀死目标细胞5678的。因此,这种限制已经提请调查人员细胞毒性试验作为一种更生动、 更直接的替代。

长期的”金本位”评估细胞介导的细胞毒活性的 T 和 NK 细胞是铬释放检测 (CRA)。CRA 涉及放射性标记的靶细胞与51Cr 和效应器细胞共同孵育他们。这种测定方法被沉浸在那细胞裂解结果中释放的蛋白质绑定51Cr 到上清液,可以通过伽玛计数测量的原理。这种测定方法,同时有效,是有问题的各种原因: 材料成本高、 处理和处置放射性51Cr、 51Cr,自发释放和困难标准化-使它完全不切实际910

大量的非放射性检测,涉及荧光标记、 酶释放和甚至生物发光,已经得到发展,作为 CRA 11121314的替代品。在这里,我们可以描述流测量的 NK 细胞杀伤活性对 k562 细胞的靶细胞,是简单、 灵敏,基于流式细胞仪的方法。K562 细胞是人类 erythroleukemic 细胞线与 HLA 类表达减少第一和配体的活化 NK 受体,这使得它们特别容易受到 NK 细胞介导的细胞毒性15高度的表达。在这种测定方法,K562 细胞前带有羧基荧光素二乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯 (CFSE) 和共培养在各种比率与任一外周血单个核细胞 (外周血) 或纯化 NK 细胞1。CFSE 是稳定、 蛋白结合的荧光染料,允许歧视的靶细胞效应器 NK 细胞1617日。共同孵育后, 核酸染色,具体渗透膜的死细胞,用于标识被杀死的靶细胞 (见材料表)。样品上流式细胞仪来确定死 (即,染色 +) 的百分比,得出 CFSE + 靶细胞。

这种测定方法可以用作常规的诊断筛查,为单基因缺陷影响 NK 细胞隔间,其中有大约 30 已知的缺陷导致功能或经典 NK 细胞缺乏症,并为原发性或继发性噬血细胞综合征。它也是用于调查患者反复发作,严重的疱疹病毒感染,评价免疫重建造血细胞移植或邮政免疫调节治疗181920后, 为基本研究应用程序宿主 NK 细胞活性。

Protocol

Samples were collected according to the ethical guidelines established by the UCLA Human Research Protection Program and IRB approved. 1. Preparation of reagents NOTE: Unless otherwise stated, all reagents should be allowed to equilibrate at room temperature prior to use. All reagents must remain sterile. Prepare a 2x working solution of Tween-20 (i.e., 0.2%) by adding 10 µL of Tween-20 solution to 5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) withou…

Representative Results

在设置前检测,强烈建议 NK 细胞内容会在选择的效应器人口评估。图 1显示了典型 CD56 沾色 (浅蓝色) 之前和之后 (红色) NK 细胞富集。NK 细胞组成达 15%的外周血和浓缩后应至少 80%的纯。 流式细胞术分析这种测定方法中的涉及的两个参数的检测: CFSE,检出相同的通道作为 FITC;和死细胞染色,在相同…

Discussion

这里介绍的方法提供了一个简单和具有成本效益的替代传统51铬释放检测评估 NK 细胞杀伤活性。此方法是灵敏、 重现性好,比以前的标准方法,像 cra 法案,耗时少,可以用于临床和研究应用程序。

同时测定工程与总外周血和浓缩的 NK 细胞,而无需使用外周血净化细胞群体的选项是极大的好处与小卷收集的血或少或质量差细胞来自病人的样本打交道时。这种测定方?…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们要感谢吉尔纳西索,加州大学洛杉矶分校免疫遗传学中心,她求助与手稿的准备。

Materials

Phosphate-buffered Saline (1x, w/o Ca2+ and Mg2+) Corning (Cellgro) 21-040-CM
Ficoll-Paque PLUS GE Healthcare 17-1440-02
Tween-20 Sigma BP337-100
RPMI 1640 Media Corning (Cellgro) 10-040-CV
Heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum Omega Scientific FB-02
Penicillin Streptomycin Life Technologies 15140-163 Stock solution at 10,000 U/mL
IL-2 R&D Systems 202-IL-050 Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. Reconstitute with 500 ul at 100 μg/mL in sterile 100 mM Acetic Acid containing at least 0.1% bovine serum albumin (2.1x10E6 IU/ml)
K562 Cells ATCC CCL-243 Cancer cell line 
T-75 cell culture flasks Corning 431464
CFSE cell proliferation kit Life Technologies (CellTrace) C34554 Reconstitute I vial with 18 ul DMSO to prepare a 5mM stock solution. Do not freeze/thaw.
Sytox Red Life Technologies S34859 Stock solution is provided at 5 μM in 1 mL DMSO. The DMSO solution may be subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles without reagent degradation.
Sodium/lithium heparin blood collection tubes BD 02-687-95
U-bottom 96-well plate Corning CLS3897
Serological pipettes BD Falcon
Polystyrene round-bottom tubes (5mL) BD Falcon 14959-5
50 mL polypropylene conical tube BD Falcon 352070
15 mL polypropylene conical tube BD Falcon 352097
Reagent reservoir USA Scientific 2321-2230
Human NK cell enrichment cocktail StemCell Technologies (RosetteSep) 15065

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Kandarian, F., Sunga, G. M., Arango-Saenz, D., Rossetti, M. A Flow Cytometry-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for the Assessment of Human NK Cell Activity. J. Vis. Exp. (126), e56191, doi:10.3791/56191 (2017).

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