A protocol for the synthesis of 1,2-azaborines and the preparation of their protein complexes with T4 lysozyme mutants is presented.
We describe a general synthesis of 1,2-azaborines using standard air-free techniques and protein complex preparation with T4 lysozyme mutants by vapor diffusion. Oxygen- and moisture-sensitive compounds are prepared and isolated under an inert atmosphere (N2) using either a vacuum gas manifold or a glove box. As an example of azaborine synthesis, we demonstrate the synthesis and purification of the volatile N-H-B-ethyl-1,2-azaborine by a five-step sequence involving distillation and column chromatography for the isolation of products. T4 lysozyme mutants L99A and L99A/M102Q are expressed with Escherichia coli RR1 strain. Standard protocols for chemical cell lysis followed by purification using carboxymethyl ion exchange column affords protein of sufficiently high purity for crystallization. Protein crystallization is performed in various concentrations of precipitant at different pH ranges using the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Complex preparation with the small molecules is carried out by vapor diffusion method under an inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystal complex provides unambiguous structural evidence of binding interactions between the protein binding site and 1,2-azaborines.
Heterosikller (yani 1,2-azaborines) içeren Bor-Azot son zamanlarda arenlerin izosterlerinin olarak büyük ilgi çekmiştir. Bu isosterism kimyasal alanı 2, 3, 4 genişletmek için mevcut yapısal motifler çeşitlendirilmesi yol açabilir. Azaborines özellikle kimyagerler yapısal kütüphanelerinden ve fonksiyonel olarak ilgili moleküllerin sentezi gerçekleştirmek olan tıbbi kimya alanında, biyomedikal araştırmalar 5, 6, 7, 8 uygulama için potansiyel kullanıma sahiptir. Fakat önemli iken, mevcut aren içeren moleküller çok sayıda iyi gelişmiş sentetik yolları vardır, azaborines sentezi için yöntemler sadece sınırlı sayıda rapor edilmiştir 9, 10, </s> 11, 12, 13 kadar. Bunun nedeni sentetik dizinin erken evrede bor kaynağı ve hava ve molekülün neme hassas doğası için çeşitli seçenekler sınırlı sayıda esas olan.
Bu yazının ilk bölümünde, biz (3) standart hava içermeyen teknikler kullanılarak N -TBS- B -Cl-1,2-azaborine bir çok gram ölçekli sentezini anlatacağız. Bu bileşik daha ileri yapısal olarak daha karmaşık moleküllerdir 14, 15 fonksiyonalize edilebilir çok yönlü bir ara madde olarak hizmet eder. 3 ile başlayarak, protein bağlama çalışmalarında kullanılmak üzere N -H- B-etil-1,2-azaborine (5) sentezi ve saflaştırılması tarif edilecektir. 5 volatilite nedeniyle, onun etkin izolasyon reaksiyon sıcaklığı, süresi ve dist hassas kontrol gerektirirsonuç çıkarma koşulları.
İkinci bölümde, protein ekspresyonu ve T4 lizozim mutantlar (L99A ve L99A / M102Q) 17, 18, 19 izolasyonu için protokoller, 20, protein kristalleştirme ve protein-ligand bir kristal komplekslerinin hazırlanması ve ardından sunulacaktır. T4 lizozim mutantları L99A ve L99A / M102Q NH azaborine moleküller 17 ihtiva eden hidrojen bağlama yeteneğini incelemek için biyolojik model sistemleri seçilmiştir. Standart moleküler biyoloji protokolü kullanarak protein E. coli RR1 suşunda ifade izopropil-β-D-1-tiogalaktopiranosid (IPTG) ile teşvik edilir. Protein saflaştırma iyon değiştirme kolon kromatografisi ile gerçekleştirilir. Protein kristalleştirme asılı kullanılarak (jel elektroforezi ile>% 95 saflık), yüksek konsantrasyonlu saflaştırılmış protein çözeltisi ile gerçekleştirilirbuhar difüzyon yöntemi bırakın. Çünkü oksijenin Bu çalışmanın ligandların duyarlılık protein-ligand kompleksleri, hava içermeyen koşullar altında hazırlanır.
Bu protokolün birinci bölümünde, daha önce bildirilen yöntemlere 12, 13 göre 1,2-azaborines değiştirilmiş bir sentezini tarif. Triallylborane 22 hazırlamak için allyltriphenyl kalay ya da potasyum allyltrifluoroborate kullanarak yolları için bir ikame olarak kullanılan N -allyl- N -TBS- B -alil klorid adüktü (1). Bu yöntem daha atom-ekonomik ve çevre dostu bir yaklaşım sağl…
The authors have nothing to disclose.
This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health NIGMS (R01-GM094541) and Boston College.
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), inhibitor-free, for HPLC, ≥99.9% | Sigma Aldrich | 34865 | |
Diethyl ether (Et2O), for HPLC, ≥99.9%, inhibitor-free | Sigma Aldrich | 309966 | |
Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), (Stabilized/Certified ACS) | Fisher | D37-20 | |
Toluene | Fisher | T290-4 | |
Pentane, HPLC | Fisher | P399-4 | |
Acetonitrile | Fisher | A21-4 | |
Calcium hydride (CaH2), reagent grade, 95% | Sigma Aldrich | 208027 | Pyrophoric |
Palladium on activated carbon (Pd/C), 10 wt% Pd | Strem | 46-1900 | |
1.0 M Boron trichloride solution in hexane | Sigma Aldrich | 211249 | Highly toxic/ Pyrophoric |
Triethylamine, ≥99.5% | Sigma Aldrich | 471283 | |
Grubbs 1st generation catalyst | materia | C823 | |
Acetamide | Sigma Aldrich | A0500 | |
n-Butanol, anhydrous, 99.8% | Sigma Aldrich | 281549 | |
Ethyllithium solution, 0.5 M in benzene/cyclohexane | Sigma Aldrich | 561452 | Highly toxic/ Pyrophoric |
HCl solution, 2.0 M in Et2O | Sigma Aldrich | 455180 | |
2-Methylbutane, anhydrous, ≥99% | Sigma Aldrich | 277258 | |
Escherichia coli, (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 31343™) | ATCC | 31343 | |
T4 lysozyme WT* (L99A) | Addgene | 18476 | |
T4 lysozyme mutant (S38D L99A M102Q N144D) | Addgene | 18477 | |
Ampicillin sodium salt | Sigma Aldrich | A0166 | |
isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) | Invitrogen | AM9464 | |
Sodium phosphate monobasic anhydrous | Fisher | BP329 | |
Sodium Phosphate dibasic anhydrous | Fisher | BP332 | |
Sodium chloride | Fisher | S642212 | |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | Fisher | BP118 | |
Magnesium chloride | Sigma Aldrich | M4880 | Corrosive |
Thermo scientific pierce DNaseI | Fisher | PI-90083 | |
GE Healthcare Sepharose Fast Flow Cation Exchange Media | Fisher | 45-002-931 | |
Tris-base | Fisher | BP152-500 | |
Sodium azide | TCI | S0489 | Highly toxic |
2-Mercaptoethanol | Fisher | ICN806443 | |
Sartorius Vivaspin 20 Centrifugal Concentrators | Fisher | 14-558-501 | |
Potassium phosphate monobasic | Sigma Aldrich | P5379 | |
2-Hydroxyethyl disulfide | Sigma Aldrich | 380474 | |
N-paratone | Hampton Research | HR2-643 | |
4 RC Dialysis Membrane Tubing 12,000 to 14,000 Dalton MWCO | Fisher | 08-667E | |
CryoLoop | Hampton Research | cryogenic tubing shaped into a loop | |
CryoTong | Thermo Fisher | cryogenic tong | |
Coot | Electron density images are generated from the software |