De evolutie van Silica nanodeeltjes-polyester Coatings op oppervlakken blootgesteld aan zonlicht
Summary
Twee soorten oppervlakken, polyestergecoat staal en polyester bekleed met een laag van silica nanodeeltjes bestudeerd. Beide oppervlakken werden blootgesteld aan zonlicht en bleek aanzienlijke veranderingen in de chemie en nanoschaal topografie van het oppervlak veroorzaken.
Abstract
Corrosie van metalen oppervlakken is wijd verspreid is in het milieu en het is van groot belang in veel gebieden, met inbegrip van het leger, het vervoer, de luchtvaart, de bouw en voedingsmiddelenindustrie, onder andere. Polyester en coatings die zowel polyester en silica nanodeeltjes (NP SiO 2) zijn op grote schaal gebruikt op stalen substraten tegen corrosie. In deze studie hebben we gebruik gemaakt X-ray foto-elektron spectroscopie, verzwakte totale reflectie infrarood micro-spectroscopie, water contact hoek metingen, optische profilering en atomic force microscopy om inzicht te krijgen in hoe blootstelling aan zonlicht veranderingen in de micro- en nanoschaal integriteit kan leiden tot zorgen van de coatings. Geen significante verandering in oppervlakte-topografie micro gedetecteerd met optische profilometrie echter statistisch significante nanoschaal veranderingen in het oppervlak werden gedetecteerd met behulp van atomic force microscopie. Analyse van de röntgen foto-elektron spectroscopie en verzwakte totale reflectie infrarood micro-spectroscopie gegevens bleek dat afbraak van de estergroepen tot blootstelling aan ultraviolet licht was bedacht COO · -H 2 · C, -O ·, · -CO radicalen. Tijdens het afbraakproces werden CO en CO2 geproduceerd.
Introduction
Environmental corrosion of metals in the environment is both prevalent and costly1-3. A recent study conducted by the Australasian Corrosion Association (ACA) reported that corrosion of metals resulted in a yearly cost of $982 million, which was directly associated with the degradation of assets and infrastructure through metallic corrosion within the water industry4. From an international perspective, the World Corrosion Organization estimated that metallic corrosion was responsible for a direct cost of $3.3 trillion, over 3% of the world’s GDP5. The process of galvanizing as a corrosion preventative method has been widely used to increase the lifespan of steel material6. In humid and subtropical climates, however, water tends to condense into small pockets or grooves within the surface of the galvanized steel, leading to the acceleration of corrosion rates through pit corrosion7,8. Thermosetting polymer coatings based on polyesters have been developed to coat the galvanized steel substrata increasing their ability to withstand humid weathering conditions for items such as satellite dishes, garden furniture, air-conditioning units or agricultural construction equipment9-11. Unfortunately polymer coatings on steel surfaces have been found to be considerably adversely affected by the presence of high levels of ultraviolet (uv) radiation12-14. Coatings comprised of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) spread over a polymer layer have been widely used with a view to increasing their corrosion-, wear-, tear- and degradation-resistance15,16. The tendency of the protective polymeric coatings to form pores and cracks can be reduced by incorporating nanoparticles (NPs), which contribute to the passive obstruction of corrosion initiation17,18. Also, the mechanical stability of the protective polymeric layer can be improved by NPs inclusion. However, these coatings act as passive physical barriers and, in comparison to the galvanization approach, cannot inhibit corrosion propagation actively.
An in-depth understanding of the effect that high-levels of ultraviolet light exposure under humid conditions upon these metal coatings is yet to be obtained. In this paper, a wide range of surface analytical techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection infrared micro-spectroscopy (ATR IR), contact angle goniometry, optical profiling and atomic force microscopy (AFM) will be employed to examine the changes in the surface of steel coatings prepared from polyester- and silica nanoparticle-coated polyester (silica nanoparticles/polyester) after exposure to sunlight. Furthermore, the aim of this work is to give a concise, practical overview of the overall characterization techniques to examine weathered samples.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Polyester bekledingen zijn op grote schaal gebruikt om stalen substraat tegen corrosie die zou optreden op een onbekleed oppervlak door de ophoping van vocht en verontreinigingen. De toepassing van polyester coating kan het staal te beschermen tegen corrosie; De doeltreffendheid van deze coatings langere termijn in het gedrang als ze worden blootgesteld aan hoge niveaus van ultraviolet licht onder vochtige omstandigheden, zoals bij tropische klimaten. Silica nanodeeltjes kunnen worden aangebracht op het oppervlak van de…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Funding from the Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hubs Scheme (Project Number IH130100017) is gratefully acknowledged. Authors gratefully acknowledge the RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility (RMMF) for providing access to the characterisation instruments. This research was also undertaken on the Infrared Microscopectroscopy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, Victoria, Australia.
Materials
| polyester-coated steel silica nanoparticle-polyester coated steel substrata |
BlueScope Steel | Samples provided by company | |
| Millipore PetriSlideTM | Fisher Scientific | PDMA04700 | Storing samples |
| Thermo ScientificTM K-alpha X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer |
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. | IQLAADGAAFFACVMAHV | Acquire XPS spectra |
| Avantage Data System | Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. | IQLAADGACKFAKRMAVI | Analyse XPS spectra |
| A Bruker Hyperion 2000 microscope | Bruker Corporation | Synchrotron integrated instrument | |
| Bruker Opus v. 7.2 | Bruker Corporation | ATR-IR analysis software | |
| Contact angle goniometer, FTA1000c | First Ten Ångstroms Inc., VA, USA | Measuring the wettability of surfaces | |
| FTA v. 2.0 | First Ten Ångstroms Inc., VA, USA | Anaylyzing water contact angle | |
| Optical profiler, Wyko NT1100 | Bruker Corporation | Measure surface topography | |
| Innova atomic force microscope | Bruker Corporation | Measure surface topography | |
| Phosphorus doped silicon probes, MPP-31120-10 | Bruker Corporation | AFM probes | |
| Gwyddion software | http://gwyddion.net/ | Software used to measure optical profiling and AFM data |
References
- Fathima Sabirneeza, A. A., Geethanjali, R., Subhashini, S. Polymeric corrosion inhibitors for iron and its alloys: A review. Chem. Eng. Commun. 202 (2), 232-244 (2015).
- Gupta, R. K., Birbilis, N. The influence of nanocrystalline structure and processing route on corrosion of stainless steel: A review. Corros. Sci. 92, 1-15 (2015).
- Lee, H. S., Ismail, M. A., Choe, H. B. Arc thermal metal spray for the protection of steel structures: An overview. Corros. Rev. 33 (1-2), 31-61 (2015).
- Moore, G. . Corrosion challenges – urban water industry. , (2010).
- Hays, G. F. . World Corrosion Organization. , (2013).
- Koch, G. H., Brongers, M. P. H., Thompson, N. G., Virmani, P. Y., Payer, J. H. Corrosion cost and preventive strategies in the United States. CC Technologies Laboratories, Incorporated; NACE International; Federal Highway Administration, NACE International. , (2002).
- Pojtanabuntoeng, T., Singer, M., Nesic, S. . Corrosion 2011. , (2011).
- Jas̈niok, T., Jas̈niok, M., Tracz, T., Hager, I. . 7th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering, MATBUD 2015. , 316-323 (2015).
- Cambier, S. M., Posner, R., Frankel, G. S. Coating and interface degradation of coated steel, Part 1: Field exposure. Electrochim. Acta. 133, 30-39 (2014).
- Barletta, M., Gisario, A., Puopolo, M., Vesco, S. Scratch, wear and corrosion resistant organic inorganic hybrid materials for metals protection and barrier. Mater. Des. 69, 130-140 (2015).
- Fu, J., et al. Experimental and theoretical study on the inhibition performances of quinoxaline and its derivatives for the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (18), 6377-6386 (2012).
- Hattori, M., Nishikata, A., Tsuru, T. EIS study on degradation of polymer-coated steel under ultraviolet radiation. Corros. Sci. 52 (6), 2080-2087 (2010).
- Yang, X. F., et al. Weathering degradation of a polyurethane coating. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 74 (2), 341-351 (2001).
- Armstrong, R. D., Jenkins, A. T. A., Johnson, B. W. An investigation into the uv breakdown of thermoset polyester coatings using impedance spectroscopy. Corros. Sci. 37 (10), 1615-1625 (1995).
- Zhou, W., Liu, M., Chen, N., Sun, X. Corrosion properties of sol-gel silica coatings on phosphated carbon steel in sodium chloride solution. J. Sol. Gel. Sci. Technol. 76 (2), 358-371 (2015).
- Hollamby, M. J., et al. Hybrid polyester coating incorporating functionalized mesoporous carriers for the holistic protection of steel surfaces. Adv. Mater. 23 (11), 1361-1365 (2011).
- Borisova, D., Möhwald, H., Shchukin, D. G. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for active corrosion protection. ACS Nano. 5 (3), 1939-1946 (2011).
- Wang, M., Liu, M., Fu, J. An intelligent anticorrosion coating based on pH-responsive smart nanocontainers fabricated via a facile method for protection of carbon steel. J. Mater. Chem. A. 3 (12), 6423-6431 (2015).
- Truong, V. K., et al. The influence of nano-scale surface roughness on bacterial adhesion to ultrafine-grained titanium. Biomaterials. 31 (13), 3674-3683 (2010).
- Nečas, D., Klapetek, P. Gwyddion: An open-source software for SPM data analysis. Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 10 (1), 181-188 (2012).
- Crawford, R. J., Webb, H. K., Truong, V. K., Hasan, J., Ivanova, E. P. Surface topographical factors influencing bacterial attachment. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 179-182, 142-149 (2012).
- Allen, N. S., Edge, M., Mohammadian, M., Jones, K. Physicochemical aspects of the environmental degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polym. Degrad. Stab. 43 (2), 229-237 (1994).
- Newman, C. R., Forciniti, D. Modeling the ultraviolet photodegradation of rigid polyurethane foams. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40 (15), 3346-3352 (2001).
- Ivanova, E. P., et al. Vibrio fischeri and Escherichia coli adhesion tendencies towards photolithographically modified nanosmooth poly (tert-butyl methacrylate) polymer surfaces. Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl. 1, 33-44 (2008).
- Biggs, S., Lukey, C. A., Spinks, G. M., Yau, S. T. An atomic force microscopy study of weathering of polyester/melamine paint surfaces. Prog. Org. Coat. 42 (1-2), 49-58 (2001).
- Signor, A. W., VanLandingham, M. R., Chin, J. W. Effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on vinyl ester resins: Characterization of chemical, physical and mechanical damage. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 79 (2), 359-368 (2003).
- Wang, H., et al. Corrosion-resistance, robust and wear-durable highly amphiphobic polymer based composite coating via a simple spraying approach. Prog. Org. Coat. 82, 74-80 (2015).
- Liszka, B. M., Lenferink, A. T. M., Witkamp, G. J., Otto, C. Raman micro-spectroscopy for quantitative thickness measurement of nanometer thin polymer films. J. Raman Spectrosc. 46 (12), 1230-1234 (2015).
- Alghunaim, A., Kirdponpattara, S., Newby, B. M. Z. Techniques for determining contact angle and wettability of powders. Powder Technol. 287, 201-215 (2016).
- Treviño, M., et al. Erosive wear of plasma electrolytic oxidation layers on aluminium alloy 6061. Wear. 301 (1-2), 434-441 (2013).
