Summary

2012年5月:​​这个月在朱庇特

Published: May 01, 2012
doi:

Summary

Abstract

五月号的朱庇特的可视化实验处理的感官与知觉的文章,包括少数。具体来说,涉及味觉(味道),嗅觉(气味),伤害性(疼痛),感觉和前庭(平衡和惯性运动)将被释放。

前庭系统是很重要的感知的惯性运动,和惯性的信息是一个重要的组成部分的路径积分。路径融合是一个过程,使大脑在运动过程中,集成了多感官的信息,让我们保持我们身体的位置,相对于一个起点的感觉。在自然界中,许多生物利用这个过程中,为了找到自己的路后回巢或洞穴寻找食物。

今年五月,朱庇特将公布在马克斯普朗克生物控制论研究所的拍摄方法,探讨了路径积分发生在三尺寸。大多数在两个方面,对这一现象进行研究,但由于一个大范围的议案的议案模拟器,路径积分可​​以在水平和垂直平面进行评估。通过控制此设备的科目的感官刺激,我们的作者可以解剖的视觉和惯性信息的起始位置估计的相对贡献。

通过一个优雅的设计一系列的实验,这些研究人员发现,受试者更容易高估角度与水平面的垂直运动。他们还发现,受试者要慢点的起始位置时,他们不得不只依靠惯性刺激。神经元的基本机制了解甚少,后面的路径积分和进一步的实验,使用这一系统将提供深入了解人类是如何保持空间定位在运动过程中,它的影响范围从米了解前庭功能障碍和更好的飞行员培训。

朱庇特将发布关于味觉,分离和培养人的蕈状味觉细胞今年五月的一个程序。早在2010年,我们发表了一篇文章,人的菌状乳头处理隔离 – 一个亚型的微小原状,对我们的舌头包含的味蕾。乳头系列是适用于急性实验,要求他们进行分离和培养的味觉细胞的长期研究。

对于有史以来第一次,我们证明了人的蕈状味觉细胞的分离和培养,并显示他们可以保持在文化8代,或一年。培养这些细胞的能力,在较长的一段时间内,使细胞增殖和再生的研究,省却需要反复收集来自捐助者的乳头。

关于嗅觉,朱庇特将RELE农业部酶的一篇文章,它描述了一个实验,把昆虫的触角到新的农药替代品的筛选工具。植物挥发性化合物后,通过气相色谱和质谱分析,这些研究者屏幕的化合物的生物活性,使用的electroantennagram(EAG)。

因为不是所有的由植物的挥发性化合物发射引起的生物反应,这样的生物测定是极其重要的发现候选分子,可以影响昆虫的行为。反过来,行为实验,可以判断是否能吸引昆虫的植物挥发性。植物挥发性引诱剂可以用来迷惑昆虫,可能作为一个安全的替代农药。

热痛,或有害的热刺激的感知,是从美国德州大学今年五月的一篇文章的重点。具体来说,热伤害性感受的影响在果蝇幼虫用两种方法:热探针法和热板试验。有趣的是,对于这两种方法,幼虫必须首先被处理用UV辐射诱导的组织损伤和宣传热伤害感受神经元,通常具有非常高的阈值响应。

正如它的名字所暗示的,热探针分析,采用的是定制的热探头热刺激本地管理。伤害性刺激被量化记录刺激开始和退出行为之间的延迟时间。直观地说,第二种方法中,或热板实验,涉及内一滴水测试整个身体对伤害性热反应,在加热板上放置果蝇幼虫。放置后,果蝇表现出一系列特性包括滚动,鞭打,甚至癫痫样活动的行为。当与遗传操作相结合,这些方法可以提供相关的热伤害性刺激有关的基因的信息- 一个高度保守的过程中,从幼虫到哺乳动物。

当然,探索的感觉是不是所有的朱庇特所提供的今年5月。其他著名的出版物涉及绘画胰腺组织学过程中保持方向,使用自动化操作性的移动设备以测试多认知功能的影响,研究他莫昔芬诱导的细胞凋亡,使用间隔拍摄视频显微镜,并创造了方便的工具钓鱼失去了样品从液氮坦克。敬请关注。

Protocol

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions Michael Barnett-Cowan1, Tobias Meilinger1, Manuel Vidal2, Harald Teufel1, Heinrich H. Bülthoff1, 31Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 2Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, Collège de France – CNRS, 3Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University An efficient way to gain insight into how humans navigate themselves in three dimensions is described. The method takes advantage of a motion simulator capable of moving observers in ways unattainable by traditional simulators. Results confirm that movement in the horizontal plane is underestimated, while vertical movement is overestimated. Enhancement of Apoptotic and Autophagic Induction by a Novel Synthetic C-1 Analogue of 7-deoxypancratistatin in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma and Neuroblastoma Cells with Tamoxifen Dennis Ma1, Jonathan Collins2, Tomas Hudlicky2, Siyaram Pandey11Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 2Chemistry Department and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University We have synthesized a novel analogue of pancratistatin with comparable anti-cancer activity as native pancratistatin; interestingly, combinatory treatment with tamoxifen yielded a drastic enhancement in apoptotic and autophagic induction by mitochondrial targeting with minimal effect on noncancerous fibroblasts. Thus, JCTH-4 in combination with tamoxifen could provide a safe anti-cancer therapy. Isolation and Culture of Human Fungiform Taste Cells Hakan Ozdener1, Andrew I. Spielman2, Nancy E. Rawson31Monell Chemical Senses Center, 2New York University College of Dentistry, 3AFB International We aimed to develop a reproducible protocol for isolating and maintaining long-term cultures of human fungiform taste papillae cells. Cells from human fungiform papillae obtained by biopsy were successfully maintained in culture for more than eight passages (12 months) without loss of viability. Local and global methods of assessing thermal nociception in Drosophila larvae Abanti Chattopadhyay1,*, A'Tondra V. Gilstrap1, 2,*, Michael J. Galko1, 3, 4, 51Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2Scholars Academy/MARC Scholar, University of Houston-Downtown, 3Genes and Development Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 4Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 5Genes and Development Graduate Program, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences* These authors contributed equally In this article, we demonstrate assays to study thermal nociception in Drosophila larvae. One assay involves spatially-restricted (local) stimulation of thermal nociceptors1,2 while the second involves a wholesale (global) activation of most or all such neurons3. Together, these techniques allow visualization and quantification of the behavioral functions of Drosophila nociceptive sensory neurons. Do-It-Yourself Device for Recovery of Cryopreserved Samples Accidentally Dropped into Cryogenic Storage Tanks Rohini Mehta1, 2, 3, Ancha Baranova1, 2, 3, 4, Aybike Birerdinc1, 2, 31Molecular and Microbiology Department, George Mason University, 2Center for the Study of Genomics in Liver Diseases, George Mason University, 3Translational Research Institute, Inova Health System, 4Research Center for Medical Genetics RAMS Here we present a low cost, durable cryotolerant device for sample retrieval from Dewar tanks filled with liquid nitrogen. The ease of construction and modular design of the device makes the process of sample retrieval from cryogenic tanks safe and easy. Electroantennographic Bioassay as a Screening Tool for Host Plant Volatiles John J. Beck, Douglas M. Light, Wai S. GeePlant Mycotoxin Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service A method to rapidly screen host plant volatiles by measurement of the electrophysiological response of adult navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) antennae to single components and blends via electroantennographic analysis is demonstrated. Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas Martha L. Campbell-Thompson, Emily L. Montgomery, Robin M. Foss, Kerwin M. Kolheffer, Gerald Phipps, Lynda Schneider, Mark A. AtkinsonDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida This video demonstrates a dissection procedure for processing human pancreas into multiple storage formats. Anatomical orientation is maintained throughout the pancreatic regions to allow definition of regional islet composition and density.

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

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Citer Cet Article
Kolski-Andreaco, A. May 2012: This Month in JoVE. J. Vis. Exp. (63), e4464, doi:10.3791/4464 (2012).

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