Detecting Abnormal Prion Proteins in Brain Tissue Using Immunohistochemistry
Published: April 30, 2024
Abstract
Source: Orge, L., et al. Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry. J. Vis. Exp. (2023).
This video demonstrates a technique to detect misfolded prion protein in brain sections using immunohistochemistry. Upon treating the brain section with formic acid to denature prions and minimize infection risk, as well as unmasking the prion aggregates using heat-induced epitope retrieval, the sections are immunolabeled for the misfolded prion protein aggregates and observed under a microscope.
Protocol
1. Tissue sectioning and slide preparation Cut sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues at 3-5 µm thickness using a microtome. Float sections onto purified water with a temperature approximately 10 ˚C below the melting point of the paraffin used. Lift the sections from the water onto specially treated microscope slides (see Table of Materials). Allow the water to drain thoroughly from the slides. Incubate the slides overnight …
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Materials
| Absolute ethanol | Labchem | LB0507-9010 | Undiluted |
| Diluted 90%, 70% and 50% in distilled water | |||
| Avidin-biotin complex and peroxidase Vectastain Elite ABC kit Peroxidase |
Vector Laboratories | PK-6100 | Prepare and gently mix 30 min before use according to kit instructions. Do not mix after standing. |
| Biotinylated secondary antibody (Horse anti-mouse IgG H+L) | Vector Laboratories | BA-2000-1.5 | Dilute at 1/200 in TBS with 10% horse normal serum. Prepare the volume required depending on the number of sections. |
| Chromogen Diaminobenzidine- DAB, substrate kit, Peroxidase | Vector Laboratories | SK-4100 | Prepare before use according to kit instructions. Use 400 µL of solution per section. |
| DakoCytomation Pascal pressure chamber | DAKO | S2800 | |
| Ehrlich's Hematoxylin: | |||
| Absolute ethanol | Labchem | LB0507-9010 | |
| Glacial acetic acid | Merck | 101830 | |
| Potassium alum | Merck | 1.01047.1000 | |
| Glycerin | Merck | 1.04091.1000 | |
| Endogenous Peroxidase Block solution (3% concentration H2O2): | 40 mL Hydrogen peroxide (30% w/w) in 360 mL Methanol. Prepare before use |
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| Hydrogen peroxide (30% w/w) | Scharlau | HI0136 | |
| Methanol | Sigma Aldrich | 322415-2L | |
| Formic acid 98% | Merck | 1.00264.1000 | Undiluted |
| Microtome | Shandon-AS325 | Microtome | Shandon-AS325 |
| Normal serum (20% ) block solution in TBS: Horse normal serum |
Gibco | 16050-122 | Prepare final volume according to the number of sections in the assay (200 µL of solution per section). |
| Primary antibody anti-PrP Mouse MAb 2G11 | BIORAD | MCA2460 | PrP 146-R154R171182 Ovine including atypical scrapie, cervine, feline. Not suitable for bovine. According to the number of sections in the assay (200 µL of solution per section) and antibody dilution, prepare final volume in TBS supplemented with 10% of normal serum from the species the secondary antibody was raised in (horse normal serum) Usual antibody dilution: MAb 2G11 1/100 but working dilution should be established in every new batch to get the concentration to give the strongest labelling with lowest background. For storage, freeze aliquot volumes of a minimum of 10 μL into sterile microtubes. Defrost and use one aliquot at a time. |
| Primary antibody anti-PrP Mouse MAb 12F10 | Cayman Chemical Company | 189710 | PrP142-160 Bovine, not suitable for ovine Usual antibody dilution: 1/200 but working dilution should also be established. Prepare as MAb 2G11 |
| Shandon CoverplateTM chamber | Thermo Scientific | 72110017 | |
| Shandon Sequenza® Immunstaining center | Thermo Scientific | 73300001 | |
| Shandon Sequenza® Immunstaining slide rack | Thermo Scientific | 73310017 | |
| Solution Citrate Buffer (10 mM pH 6.1): | 2.55 g Tri-sodium citrate dihydrate and 0.255 g Citric acid in one litre purified water. Adjust pH of working solution to 6.1 using 10 mM citric acid solution (1.05 g citric acid in 500 mL purified water) Prepare on assay day. |
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| Tri-sodium citrate dihydrate | Sigma-aldrich | S4641-500G | |
| Citric acid | Sigma Aldrich | C0759 | |
| Staining jar and basket | Deltalab | 19360 | |
| 19361 | |||
| Superfrost Plus microscope slides | VWR | 631-0108 | |
| Tris-Buffered Saline solution (TBS) (50 mM TRIZMA BASE; 0.8% NaCI; pH 7.6): | 10xTBS (stock solution 0.5 M TRIZMA BASE; 8% NaCI; pH 7.6): TRIZMA BASE 60,57 g and NaCl 80 g in 800 mL purified water. Adjust pH of stock solution using Hydrochloric acid 37% and final volume to one litre with purified water (keep 5± 3 °C until 2 months) Dilute TBS stock solution 1/10 on assay day. |
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| TRIZMA BASE | Sigma Aldrich | T6066-1KG | |
| Sodium Chloride (NaCl) | Merck | 106404 | |
| Xylene | Panreac Applied Chem ITW reagents | 251769 | Undiluted |
Tags
Citer Cet Article
Detecting Abnormal Prion Proteins in Brain Tissue Using Immunohistochemistry. J. Vis. Exp. (Pending Publication), e22123, doi: (2024).