A Bead-Based Multiplex Immunoassay to Identify Pathogen-Specific Antibodies in Saliva
Published: January 31, 2024
Abstract
Source: Augustine, S. A. J., et al. Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).
This video demonstrates a bead-based multiplex immunoassay technique to simultaneously detect antibodies for multiple environmental pathogens in human saliva. Fluorescent beads were coupled to antigens from different pathogens, which were captured using antibodies in the human saliva sample. Upon labeling the antibodies using a fluorescent reporter, the beads were analyzed using flow cytometry to assess the presence of different pathogen-specific antibodies in the saliva.
Protocol
1. Bead Coupling Couple the antigens to the bead sets using the concentrations shown in Table 1. Add each antigen to the activated beads and bring the total volume to 500 µl in 50 mM MES, pH 5.0. Mix the antigens and beads by vortex. Incubate the antigens and beads for 2 hr with mixing by rotation (~15 rpm) at room temperature in the dark. Pellet the coupled beads by microcentrifugation at 10,000 x g for 2 min. Remove the supernatant and res…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Materials
| Equipment and Software | |||
| Microcentrifuge | Thermo Electron Corporation | 75002446 | Used to centrifuge samples |
| Vortex Mixer | VWR | G560 | Used to mix samples |
| Sonicator (mini) | Fisher Scientific | 15-337-22 | Used to separate beads |
| Pipettors P10, P20, P100, P1000, 8 ch. | Capp | Various | |
| Multiscreen Vacuum Manifold | Millipore | MSVMHTS00 | Used in washing steps to remove supernatant |
| MicroShaker | VWR | 12620-926 | Used to agitate beads during incubations |
| Tube rack (1.5mL and 0.5mL) (assorted) | VWR | 30128-346 | |
| Weighing Scale | Mettler or other | Used to measure wash reagents for making buffers | |
| Dynabead Sample Mixer | Invitrogen | 947-01 | Used during coupling incubation step |
| MatLab (R2014b) | The MathWorks, Inc. | Used to analyze antibody response data | |
| Microsoft Excel 2014 | Microsoft Corporation | Used to analyze antibody response data | |
| Luminex Analyzer with xPonent 3.1 software | Luminex Corporation | LX200-XPON3.1 | Instrument and software used to run assay |
| Antigens | |||
| GI.1 Norwalk Virus : p-particle | Xi Jiang (CCHMC)* | NA | *Cincinnati Childrens' Hospital. Final conc. 5 µg. |
| GII.4 Norovirus VA387 : p-particle | Xi Jiang (CCHMC)* | NA | *Cincinnati Childrens' Hospital. Final conc. 5 µg. |
| Hepatitis A Virus : grade II concentrate from cell culture | Meridian Life Sciences | 8505 | Antigen coupled at 100 µg |
| Helicobacter pylori : lysate | Meridian Life Sciences | R14101 | Antigen coupled at 25 µg |
| Toxoplasma gondii : recombinant p30 (SAG1) | Meridian Life Sciences | R18426 | Antigen coupled at 25 µg |
| Campylobacter jejuni : heat killed whole cells | KPL | 50-92-93 | Antigen coupled at 50 µg |
| Primary Antibodies | |||
| Guinea pig anti-Norovirus | (CCHMC)* | NA | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Mouse anti-Hepatitis A IgG | Meridian Life Sciences | C65885M | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Mouse anti-Hepatitis A IgG | Meridian Life Sciences | C65885M | Used for coupling confirmation |
| BacTraceAffinity Purified Antibody to Helicobacter pylori | KPL | 01-93-94 | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Goat pAb to Toxoplasma gondii | Abcam | Ab23507 | Used for coupling confirmation |
| BacTrace Goat anti-Campylobacter species | KPL | 01-92-93 | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Secondary Antibodies | |||
| Biotin-SP-Conjugated AffiniPure Donkey anti-Goat IgG (H+L) | Jackson | 705-065-149 | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Biotinylated Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H+L) | KPL | 16-13-06 | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Biotinylated Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) | KPL | 16-18-06 | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Affinity Purified Antibody Biotin Labeled Goat anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L) | KPL | 176-1506 | Used for coupling confirmation |
| Affinity Purified Antibody Biotin Labeled Goat anti-Human IgG(γ) | KPL | 16-10-02 | Used for Salivary Immunoassay |
| Consumables | |||
| 1.5 mL copolymer microcentrifuge tubes | USA Scientific | 1415-2500 | Used as low binding microcentrifuge tubes |
| 10 µL pipette tip refills | BioVentures | 5030050C | |
| 200 µL pipette tip refills | BioVentures | 5030080C | |
| 1000 µL pipette tip refills | BioVentures | 5130140C | |
| Aluminum foil | Various Vendors | Used keep beads in the dark during incubations | |
| Deep Well plates | VWR | 40002-009 | Used for diluting saliva samples |
| Multiscreen Filter Plates | Millipore | MABVN1250 | Used to run assays |
| Oracol saliva collection system | Malvern Medical Developments Limited | Used for saliva collection | |
| Reagents | |||
| Carboxylated microspheres (beads) | Luminex Corporation | Dependent on bead set | Antigens are coupled to the microspheres |
| EDC (1-ethyl-3-[3dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride) | Pierce | 77149 or 22980 | Used in bead activation |
| Sulfo-NHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) | Pierce | 24510 | Used in bead activation |
| Steptavidin-R-phycoerythrin (1mg/mL) | Molecular Probes | S-866 | Used as reporter |
| MES (2-[N-Morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid) | Sigma | M-2933 | Used for coupling |
| Tween-20 (Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate) | Sigma | P-9416 | Used in wash buffer to remove non-specific binding |
| Protein Buffers | |||
| PBS-TBN Blocking/ Storage Buffer (PBS, 0.1% BSA, 0.02% Tween-20, 0.05% Azide, pH 7.4)** | Filter Sterilize and store at 4°C | ||
| PBS, pH 7.4 | Sigma | P-3813 | 138 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl |
| BSA | Sigma | A-7888 | 0.1% (w/v) |
| Tween-20 | Sigma | P-9416 | 0.2% (v/v) |
| Sodium Azide (0.05% azide)** | Sigma | S-8032 | **Caution: Sodium azide is acutely toxic. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wear appropriate PPE's. Dispose of according to applicable laws. |
| MES/ Coupling Buffer (0.05 M MES, pH 5.0) | |||
| MES (2-[N-Morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid) | Sigma | S-3139 | |
| 5 N NaOH | Fisher | SS256-500 | |
| Assay Buffer (PBS, 1% BSA, pH 7.4) | Filter Sterilize and store at 4°C | ||
| PBS, 1% BSA, pH 7.4 | Sigma | P-3688 | 138 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 1% BSA |
| Activation Buffer (0.1 M NaH2PO4, pH 6.2) | Filter Sterilize and store at 4°C | ||
| NaH2PO4 (Sodium phosphate, monobasic anhydrous) | Sigma | S-3139 | 0.1M NaH2PO4 |
| 5 N NaOH | Fisher | SS256-500 | |
| Wash Buffer (PBS, 0.05% Tween-20, pH 7.4) | Filter Sterilize and store at 4°C | ||
| PBS, 0.05% Tween-20, pH 7.4 | Sigma | P-3563 | 138 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 0.05% TWEEN |
Tags
Citer Cet Article
A Bead-Based Multiplex Immunoassay to Identify Pathogen-Specific Antibodies in Saliva. J. Vis. Exp. (Pending Publication), e21892, doi: (2024).