Summary

西班牙语中预防阅读、写作和数学障碍的普遍筛选

Published: July 18, 2020
doi:

Summary

这项工作提出了一个协议,以管理西班牙语课程为基础的措施,以早期发现阅读,数学和写作困难。这些工具可以帮助从业人员和应用研究人员在应对干预模型的背景下工作。

Abstract

本研究的目的是描述一个西班牙协议,其中包括阅读、写作和基于数学的课程措施(CBM),旨在及早发现有学习障碍风险的学生(LD)。LD 的早期识别是干预响应 (RtI) 模型的关键组成部分。在早期年级,上述基础技能的筛选可以提供基于数据的指南,用于识别在开始小学前需要更密集的基于响应干预的学生。我们根据基本的早期阅读、写作和数学技能指标设计了不同的建立信任措施,旨在实现对西班牙Indicadores de Progreso de Aprendizaje en Lectura, Escritura y Matemáticas, IPAL, IPAE, and IPAM 学生进步进行普遍筛选和评价的两重目标。在阅读方面,IPAL包括字母原理、语音意识、关于印刷的概念和幼儿园的谜语。在一年级和二年级,IPAL包括字母原则,废话单词流利,迷宫句子,和口语阅读流利。此外,它还包括一年级的听力分割和二年级的听力分割。对于写作,IPAE包括复写字母、书写所有文字、口述字母、任意拼写口述单词、使用基于规则的拼写口述单词、口述的无稽之谈单词、口述句子、写句子以及为一年级三年级写故事。最后,对于数学,IPAM 包括数字比较、缺失数字、数字标识、数量数组和幼儿园的大声计数,以及数字比较、多位数计算、缺失数字、单位计算和一三年级的放置值。

Introduction

对干预 (RtI) 响应模型是一种多层方法,用于预防和识别学习障碍 (LD)。国家应对干预中心1确定了RTE的四个基本组成部分:a) 预防学校失败的多层次教学和行为系统;b) 普遍筛查;c) 进度监测;和 d) 基于数据的决策。多级过程的第一步是通过所有学生的通用筛查来识别有 LD 风险的儿童。基于课程的测量 (CBM) 是最常用的评估工具,用于对基础技能(即阅读、写作和数学)进行普遍筛选和进度监控,跟踪学生成绩学术领域,其中学生没有达到学校课程2中确定的基本目标。普遍筛查的定义是系统地评估一个人口,以识别那些处于危险之中的人。

在RTE模式的背景下,在一般课堂中进行普遍筛选,作为识别学生面临在一个或多个学术领域4要求的表现标准的风险的第一步。普遍筛查一般每学年进行三次(如秋季、冬季和春季)5、6。,6不同的分类标准已经被用来选择最佳的截止分数,以确定低表现和有风险的学生阅读,数学和写作,范围从10百分位到35百分7,7,8或40分位9。然而,最常用于检测高危学生的是20  25分位数10,11。10,11

被检测到有学习问题风险或对核心教学没有充分反应的学生被选择在随后的第12级接受更激烈的教学。据Deno13说,煤层气的使用使教师和其他教育专业人员能够确定学生是否充分受益于普通课堂上接受的干预计划。

理想的筛选器应该实用;换句话说,它必须是低成本,简短,易于管理,评分,解释,并绑在指令14。由于需要反复向学生管理建立信任措施,因此必须包括替代形式,这些形式应由教师轻松、迅速地管理。建立信任措施是根据文献证据和当地课程设计的,必须标准化、可靠、有效,为教师,15提供高效、简短的工具,以确定学生的风险状况16、17,,17并评估干预效果18、19。18,19在这方面,建立信任措施必须满足几个技术特点:可靠性、标准有效性、分类准确性和增长率。为了满足在RTE模型范围内筛选西班牙语单语儿童的关键阅读、写作和数学能力需求,设计了以下建立信任措施。

Protocol

议定书遵循拉古纳大学道德委员会的准则。为了能够参与研究,父母必须签署同意书。学校和家庭都被告知了这项研究的目的。 注:我们设计了一套基于基本早期阅读、写作和数学技能指标的建立信任措施(Lectura、Escritura和Mateméticas、IPAL20、IPAE21和IPAM22) 的指标,旨在实现对西班牙学生进行普遍筛选和进度监测?…

Representative Results

在这项研究中,学生被分类遵循以下标准:风险+20th(即th数学和写作)或+25th(即阅读),低绩效+40th,平均性能+60th,最佳性能thth+gt;60th。thth对于上述每种建立信任措施的所有平行形式,都创建了一个复合分数,以便对在阅读 (IPAL)、写作 (IPAE) 和数学 (IPAM) 方面面临风险的学生进行分类。这些综合分数是按未加权标准化子测试分数27…

Discussion

在过去的几年中,西班牙政府一直把预防系统作为主要重点,允许设计新的建议,以便及早发现和干预有低病风险的学生。然而,缺乏适应西班牙语课程的筛选和进度监测工具,西班牙语教师可以使用这些工具。加那利群岛上述建立信任措施的设计和标准化,使RTE模型的试验测试,作为在社区33,34中等待失败模式的替代办法

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Divulgaciones

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们感谢西班牙政府通过《国家计划》(西班牙经济和Plan Nacional I+D+i竞争力部国家研究计划)、项目参考PSI2009-11662的支持;参考 EDU2012-35098 和 PSI2015-65009-R,第一作者为首席调查员。我们还感谢ULLMedia团队和Bürbara卡罗来纳州德莱昂佩雷斯参与视频的制作。最后,我们非常感谢萨莉·弗朗西斯·布尔格斯和维朱尼·阿肖克·梅尔瓦尼将他们的声音借给我们录音。

Materials

Indicadores de Progreso de Aprendizaje en Escritura (IPAE) [Indicators of Basic Early Writing Skills]. Ediciones Pirámide 978-84-368-3981-4 Curriculum-Based Measure
Indicadores de Progreso de Aprendizaje en Lectura (IPAL) [Indicators of Basic Early Reading Skills] Ediciones Pirámide 978-84-368-3981-4 Curriculum-Based Measure
Indicadores de Progreso de Aprendizaje en Matemáticas (IPAM) [Indicators of Basic Early Math Skills]. Ediciones Pirámide 978-84-368-3981-4 Curriculum-Based Measure
Stopwatch 1/1005 Kalenji 100 OXYLANE 02.314.041/001-88 1/100 Stopwatch with 1 lap times

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Citar este artículo
Jiménez, J. E., Gutiérrez, N., de León, S. C. Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish. J. Vis. Exp. (161), e60217, doi:10.3791/60217 (2020).

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