Bromodeoxyuridine Pulse Labelling Assay: A Technique to Measure Cell Proliferation

Published: April 30, 2023

Abstract

Source: Welschinger R. et al. Temporal Tracking of Cell Cycle Progression Using Flow Cytometry without the Need for Synchronization. J. Vis. Exp. (2015)

The video describes the stepwise pulse labeling assay of mammalian cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for measuring cell proliferation. The BrdU uptake permits the temporal tracking of cells that were in the synthesis phase at a specific point in time, without requiring the cells to be synchronized.

Protocol

1. Solutions and Reagents

  1. Complete RPMI
    1. Add 56 ml fetal calf serum (FCS) and 5.5 ml of 200 mM L-glutamine to a 500 ml bottle of RPMI-1640 medium.
  2. BrdU Stock Solution
    1. Prepare 32.5 mM BrdU (10 mg/ml) in Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS).
  3. BrdU Complete RPMI
    1. Add 6.2 µl of BrdU stock solution to 10 ml of Complete RPMI.
  4. DNase Solution
    1. Prepare 1 mg DNase/ml in DPBS.
  5. Staining Buffer
    1. Prepare 3% heat-inactivated FCS and 0.09% sodium azide in DPBS.
  6. Refer to Materials List for definitions of Fixation Buffer, Permeabilization Buffer and Wash Buffer.

2. Cells

NOTE: Cells were not cultured for greater than 6 months. This method is directly adaptable to any non-adherent cell line with adjustments to cell density and culture media. Use cells that are growing exponentially at the initiation of the experiment.

  1. Maintain NALM6 cells in T-75 culture flasks in Complete RPMI. Perform all steps under sterile conditions using a Class II Biosafety Cabinet.
  2. Maintain NALM6 cells between 1-2 x 106 cells per ml by splitting the culture thrice weekly.
  3. Incubate at 37 °C in 5% CO2 in air.

3. Pulse Labeling of Cells with BrdU

CAUTION: Handle BrdU with care as it is a potential mutagen and teratogen.

  1. Centrifuge cells at 150 x g for 5 min.
    NOTE: Transferring cells into fresh media improves the reproducibility of the results.
  2. Perform a cell count and resuspend cells in Complete RPMI at 2 x 106 cells/ml.
  3. Dilute cells 1 in 2 with BrdU Complete RPMI producing a final cell concentration of 1 x 106 cells/ml.
  4. Incubate at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for 45 min, then dilute cells 1 in 10 with complete RPMI. Centrifuge cells at 150 x g for 5 min and carefully discard all of the supernatant.
  5. Resuspend cells in a small volume (~100 µl) of complete RPMI, perform a cell count and adjust to 1 x 106 cells/ml.
  6. Pipette 1 ml of cells into the wells of a 48 well plate. Pipette 1 ml of DPBS into any unoccupied wells to obtain more reproducible results.
  7. Incubate at 37 °C in 5% CO2 in air for desired timepoints, here 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 hr.
    NOTE: The length of time will depend on what the experimental design aims to measure.
  8. Transfer all the cells into FACS tubes using a pipette. Rinse the well sequentially with 1 ml volumes of PBS to a final total volume of 5 ml.
  9. Centrifuge at 150 x g for 5 min and carefully remove all the supernatant. Cells are ready for staining, perform this (section 4) immediately.

4. Cell Staining

NOTE: If surface staining of cells is required perform it prior to fixation, ensuring that the cells are kept at 4 °C throughout.

  1. Resuspend cells in 100 µl of staining buffer (for optional surface staining, add the recommended volume of antibody to surface antigens and incubate for 30 min at 4 °C).
  2. Add 1 ml of staining buffer, centrifuge for 5 min at 150 x g and discard the supernatant.
    Note: Specific antibody, concentration, incubation time etc. will vary depending on specific experimental goals.

Divulgaciones

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Materials

NALM6  DSMZ  ACC-128
5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine  Sigma  B5002-1G
RPMI 1,640 w/o L-Gln 500 ml  Lonza  12-167F
DPBS  Lonza  17-512F
Fetal Bovine Serum  FisherBiotec  FBS-7100113
CO2 incubator  Binder  C 150
BD Falcon 12 x 75 mm FACS tubes  BD Biosciences  352008
BD LSR FORTESSA flow cytometer  BD Biosciences  FORTESSA
Centrifuge  Spintron  GT-175R

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Citar este artículo
Bromodeoxyuridine Pulse Labelling Assay: A Technique to Measure Cell Proliferation. J. Vis. Exp. (Pending Publication), e20258, doi: (2023).

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