The hepatic portal system transports nutrient-rich, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the superior and inferior mesenteric and splenic veins. The superior mesenteric vein drains the stomach, small intestine, and majority of the large intestine. The inferior mesenteric vein drains the lower large intestine. The splenic vein is formed by the union of the inferior mesenteric vein, veins from the spleen, the lateral border of the stomach, and the pancreas. Additionally, the hepatic portal vein also receives blood from the left and right gastric veins and the cystic vein of the gallbladder. Within the liver, the nutrients in the blood undergo essential processes, such as glycolysis and beta-oxidation, enabling their storage and metabolism to support overall bodily functions. The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic arteries. This oxygenated blood gets mixed with deoxygenated blood carried by the hepatic portal vein in the liver sinusoids. Finally, the hepatic vein collects blood from the sinusoids and carries it to the inferior vena cava.