Summary

未成熟费林卵母细胞的最小体积玻璃化

Published: June 24, 2020
doi:

Summary

本手稿描述了一个协议,用于在商业支架上使用实验室制造的介质对未成熟的猫卵母细胞进行最小体积玻璃化。它涵盖了从卵母细胞分离从外体内性腺到玻璃化和变暖的每一步。

Abstract

在野生动物保护计划中,游戏银行对于保护有价值的个体和稀有物种的遗传资源以及促进生物多样性保护至关重要。在幸福,大多数物种面临灭绝的威胁,国内品种被用作提高种质库协议效率的模型。在卵母细胞冷冻保存技术中,玻璃化在人类和兽医辅助生殖中越来越受欢迎。最初为人类卵母细胞和胚胎开发的冷冻体,已证明非常适合猫卵母细胞。该方法具有若干优点,如现场条件的可行性和工艺速度,当需要处理多个样品时,这都很有帮助。然而,效率在很大程度上取决于操作员的技能,需要实验室内和实验室间标准化以及人员培训。该协议描述了从卵母细胞收集到加热,商业支持上未成熟猫卵母细胞的最小体积玻璃化。按照协议,在变暖时保持卵母细胞的完整性和生存能力(高达90%)虽然气候变暖后成熟和胚胎发育结果仍有改进的余地,但可以预期。

Introduction

冷冻保存已成为辅助生殖技术(ART)的关键步骤。在人类中,它允许保留生育能力或因医疗或个人原因推迟为人父母。在动物中,有必要克服距离和时间在计划交配,特别是在农场动物和宠物,或保存遗传物质的宝贵主题在保护计划,特别是在野生濒危物种。游戏冷冻保存是最佳选择,当被培育的个体尚未被选中或为了避免与胚胎冷冻相关的伦理问题,特别是在人类医学1。Spermatozoa 相对容易保存,解冻后给出令人满意的结果,但由于卵母细胞的结构特征,其储存可能更为复杂。事实上,低表面/体积比,以及围绕乌普拉斯玛的佐纳佩普西达的存在,限制了低温保护物和水在细胞2的移动。此外,在家畜,包括幸福动物,他们的特点是脂质丰富的细胞质,这被认为是使他们更敏感的冷冻保存3。

大多数猫都受到威胁,由于常规的奥瓦里切除术提供性腺,家猫被用作开发种质保存协议的模型。在野生动物中,性腺可以在选择性手术后或(更频繁地)验尸后获得,并且可以检索到不成熟的(胚芽囊泡)游戏物。激素刺激旨在获得成熟(元相II)卵母细胞是不太常见的人类ART,因为伦理问题和物种和个人特异性反应治疗4。

因此,低温保存策略的发展侧重于不成熟的配子,这些配子通常可以在罕见个体意外或突然死亡后被检索。从生物学的角度来看,不成熟或成熟的配子的低温保存存在一些差异,每种游戏体都有其优点。首先,DNA在未成熟的卵母细胞中受到更多的保护,其胚芽囊囊含有被核膜包围的染色体,而元相II卵母细胞的卵母体主轴可能更容易受到低温损伤5。其次,冷诱发的细胞骨架损伤可能会影响主轴旋转、极体挤压、亲核迁移和细胞因子,根据卵母细胞发育阶段,它们可能产生不同的影响,影响美因病进展或受精后事件。最后,也许最重要的是,虽然成熟的卵母细胞已准备好受精,但不成熟的卵母细胞依靠周围积细胞的支持来度过核和细胞质成熟6,这就是为什么整个积细胞-卵母细胞复合物(COCs)是冷冻保存的原因。然而,累积细胞的丧失和/或游戏细胞与周围体细胞之间功能连接的丧失可能是未成熟COCs的低温保存的最有害影响。

在低温保存技术中,玻璃化是一种在野外条件下更容易应用的技术。与缓慢(或受控速率)冷冻相比,玻璃化速度更快,不需要特定的设备,如可编程冰柜。为了满足玻璃化的三个基本原则(即高粘度,与高低温保护浓度、体积小和超快速温度降低有关),在猫中特别开发和使用了几种介质和支架,用于成熟和成熟的卵母细胞。从简单的吸管7开始,设备被开发,以达到”最小体积”的目标。Cryoloop8,开拉吸管(OPS)9,塑料排水沟(改性吸管)10和冷冻管11已经使用,直到一个更高效的装置(即冷冻站)被采用11,改善生存和梅病恢复。Cryotop( 补充图 1) 是一种市售支持, 已成为玻璃化的选修开放系统.它专为人类卵母细胞和胚胎的玻璃化而开发,由附着在硬塑料支架上的小型薄膜条组成,在储存12期间由塑料管盖保护。由于其可用性和极小的玻璃化体积(低至0.1μL),这也导致极快的冷却和变暖率,这种玻璃化支持已越来越多地应用于几个物种,包括家猫,其中它已被用于各种媒体13,14,15,16,17。13,14,15,16,17

本手稿的目的是描述一个收集-玻璃化-加热协议,与最初为人类卵母细胞开发的,使用实验室制造的介质和商业支持,以最小体积的玻璃化,可以很容易地应用于现场条件,为不成熟的猫科动物的低温保存。

Protocol

特此描述的程序没有经过道德批准,因为猫卵巢是在兽医诊所收集的,作为从主人要求的常规卵巢切除术或卵巢切除术的副产品收集的。 1. 卵母细胞集合 在开始实验之前,为卵巢和卵母细胞的收集准备解决方案。用磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (PBS) 制备卵巢收集溶液,使用抗生素和抗霉药的混合物(100 IU/mL 青霉素 G 钠,0.1 mg/mL 硫酸链霉素,0.25 μg/mL 的氨基霉素 B)。使用 PBS ?…

Representative Results

根据目前的协议(图1和补充图1),猫卵母细胞玻璃化和变暖后,绝大多数的卵母体存活下来。玻璃化后,除其他技术外,在光学显微镜上可以评估其形态完整性22或使用重要污渍。后者之一是荧光素二甲酸酯/碘化钠(FDA/PI),它允许识别可行的(明亮的绿色荧光)和死细胞(红荧光)。图 2显示了在加热后被染有 FDA/PI ?…

Discussion

卵母细胞冷冻保存是一种关键的种质保护技术,特别是在许多物种濒临灭绝的分类中,如费利达家族。在这份手稿中,提出了一个简单和现场友好的协议,用于对未成熟的猫卵母细胞进行玻璃化。实验室制造的介质、最小体积的玻璃化支持和训练有素的人员是此方法成功的关键因素,它允许持续和反复地获得可行的卵母细胞,特此报告的代表性结果所示。

从媒体准备开始,?…

Offenlegungen

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作得到了EVSSAR(欧洲小动物繁殖兽医学会)2016年赠款和米兰大学,钢琴迪索斯特格诺 alla Ricerca 2019(Linea 2 Azione A)的部分支持。我们还要感谢MariaGiorgiaMorselli博士对特此描述的实验和图像采集的贡献。

Materials

Amphotericin B Sigma-Aldrich A2942 /
Automatic pipettes & tips / / Needed to pipette 20, 100, 240 and 300 µL
Surgical scalpels / / Size 10 is usually ok
Bunsen beak / / /
Clamps / / Some small (Mosquito clamp) for ovary isolation, some bigger (Klemmer clamp) to work in liquid nitrogen
Cryotop Kitazato (distributor: MBT – Medical Biological Technologies) 01.CR Distributors and catalog number may change in different countries
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Sigma-Aldrich D2650 /
Ethylene glycol (EG) Sigma-Aldrich E9129 /
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) Sigma-Aldrich F9665 /
Glass Pasteur pipettes / / Advised lenght 230 mm (100+130)
Gobelets / / According to the canisters of the storage tank
Heating stage / / All heating stages are ok, as long as they can keep 38ºC
Liquid nitrogen / / /
Medium 199 Sigma-Aldrich M4530 /
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) Sigma-Aldrich D8662 /
Penicillin G sodium Sigma-Aldrich P3032 /
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Sigma-Aldrich P8136 /
Repro plate Kitazato (distributor: MBT – Medical Biological Technologies) 01.K-2 Distributors and catalog number may change in different countries
Stereomicroscope / / As long as the operator can select the oocytes, other stereomicroscopes are ok
Storage tank / / Any regularly filled tank is ok
Streptomycin sulphate Sigma-Aldrich S9137 /
Styrofoam/nitrogen resistant box / / All boxes which can contain liquid nitrogen are ok, as long as the operator is comfortable. Kitazato box is called "Cooling Rack"
Sucrose Sigma-Aldrich S1888 /
Timers / / All timers which can be set on times until 9 minutes are ok

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Colombo, M., Luvoni, G. C. Minimum Volume Vitrification of Immature Feline Oocytes. J. Vis. Exp. (160), e61523, doi:10.3791/61523 (2020).

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