Summary

马铃薯病毒基于马铃薯的X型微RNA沉默(VbMS)。

Published: May 11, 2020
doi:

Summary

我们提出了基于马铃薯病毒X(PVX)的microRNA沉默(VbMS)系统的详细方案,以功能性地表征马铃薯中的内源性microRNA(miRNA)。将目标miRNA的靶向拟态(TM)分子整合到PVX载体中,并在马铃薯中瞬时表达,以沉默靶miRNA或miRNA家族。

Abstract

基于病毒的microRNA沉默(VbMS)是一种快速有效的工具,用于植物中microRNA(miRNA)的功能表征。VbMS系统已被开发并应用于各种植物物种,包括 Nicotiana benthamiana,番茄,拟南芥,棉花和单子叶植物,如小麦和玉米。在这里,我们描述了一个详细的方案,使用基于PVX的VbMS载体来沉默马铃薯中的内源性miRNA。为了降低特定miRNA的表达,设计了目标miRNA的靶向模拟(TM)分子,将其整合到植物病毒载体中,并通过 农杆菌 浸润在马铃薯中表达,以直接与感兴趣的内源性miRNA结合并阻断其功能。

Introduction

植物微RNA (miRNA) 的特征是 20–24 个核苷酸长、核编码的调节性 RNA1 ,在植物生物过程的几乎每个方面都起着重要作用,包括生长和发育23、光合作用和代谢4567、激素合成和信号传导89、生物和非生物反应10111213,以及营养和能量调节1415。植物miRNA的调节作用是良好编程的,通常在转录后水平上通过切割或翻译抑制靶标mRNA来实现。

在马铃薯中miRNA的鉴定、转录谱分析和靶标预测方面取得了巨大进展161718192021。然而,由于缺乏高效和高通量的遗传方法,包括马铃薯在内的植物中miRNA的功能表征落后于其他生物体。通过标准功能丧失分析对单个miRNA进行功能分析具有挑战性,因为大多数miRNA属于具有相当遗传冗余的家族22。此外,单个miRNA可以控制多个靶基因23 ,几个不同的miRNA可以协同调节相同的分子途径2425。这些特性使得难以表征特定miRNA或miRNA家族的功能。

miRNA的大部分功能分析在很大程度上依赖于具有明显局限性的功能增益方法。人工miRNA(amiRNA)方法利用内源性原代转录本(pri-miRNA)在高水平上产生miRNA,从而抑制靶基因表达26272829。然而,使用强本构35S启动子的活化标记和miRNA过表达通常会导致miRNA的表达升高,这些表达不代表体内条件,因此可能无法反映miRNA30的内源性功能。已经开发了一种替代方法,涉及表达在结合和/或切割位点中含有不易脱位突变的靶基因的miRNA抗性形式313233。但是,由于转基因伪影,这种方法也可能导致对源自miRNA耐药靶基因的表型的误解。因此,应谨慎从这些功能获得研究中得出结论34。上述方法的另一个主要局限性是它们需要转换,这是劳动密集型和耗时的。此外,转基因依赖性方法几乎不适用于顽固的植物物种。因此,必须开发一种快速有效的功能丧失方法来解开miRNA的功能。

为了绕过转化过程的先决条件,通过将靶向模拟(TM)策略与病毒衍生载体相结合,建立了基于病毒的microRNA沉默(VbMS)。在VbMS系统中,人工设计的TM分子从病毒骨架瞬时表达,为解剖植物内源性miRNA的功能提供了一种功能强大,高通量和省时的工具3536。VbMS最初是在边 和番茄中与烟草拨浪鼓病毒(TRV)353637 一起开发的,并且已经扩展到拟南芥,棉花,小麦和玉米,使用各种其他病毒表达系统,包括马铃薯病毒X(PVX)38,棉花屑病毒(ClCrV)39,黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)404142,中国小麦花叶病毒(CWMV)43和大麦条纹花叶病毒(BSMV)4445

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)是世界上第四大粮食作物,也是种植最广泛的非藜麦作物,主要是因为它具有高营养价值、高能量产量和相对较低的投入要求46。马铃薯的几个特点使其成为一种有吸引力的双子叶植物模型植物。它是一种营养繁殖的多倍体作物,具有高越交率,杂合性和遗传多样性。然而,迄今为止,还没有报告使用VbMS表征马铃薯中miRNA的功能。在这里,我们提出了一种基于结扎独立克隆(LIC)的马铃薯PVX的VbMS方法来评估miRNA在马铃薯植物中的功能38。我们选择了miR165/166家族来说明VbMS测定,因为miR165/166家族及其靶标mRNA和III类同源域/Leu拉链(HD-ZIP III)转录因子已被广泛表征224748HD-ZIP III 基因是分生组织发育和器官极性的关键调节因子,miR165/166功能的抑制导致 HD-ZIP III 基因表达增加,导致顶端优势降低和叶极性异常模式等多向性发育缺陷22353841.与miRNA165/166沉默相关的易于评分的发育表型能够准确评估基于PVX的VbMS测定的有效性。

在这项研究中,我们证明了基于PVX的VbMS系统可以有效地阻断马铃薯中miRNA的功能。由于基于PVX的病毒诱导基因沉默(VIGS)系统已经在许多马铃薯品种中建立49505152,因此这种基于PVX的VbMS方法可能适用于广泛的二倍体和四倍体马铃薯品种。

Protocol

1. 种植马铃薯植物。 用Murashige和Skoog(MS)培养基加上Gamborg维生素(MS基盐混合物,Gamborg维生素,30g / L蔗糖,3.5 g / L琼脂,pH = 5.7)在培养管(25 x 150 mm)中繁殖马铃薯植物。将试管置于生长室中,温度为20-22°C,16小时光照/ 8小时黑暗光周期,光强度为120μmol/ m2∙s1。注意:新芽和根通常在植物的1-2周内发育。每月用新鲜的MS / Gamborg维生素培养基繁殖植物。 四周…

Representative Results

图2 显示了PVX-STTM165/166马铃薯植株(Katahdin),其叶组织从叶片的轴侧沿叶脉异位生长。还观察到更严重的表型,如喇叭形叶的形成。相比之下,在PVX控制工厂中没有观察到表型异常。这些结果表明,VbMS系统可有效抑制四倍体马铃薯植株的内源性miRNA功能,PVX-VbMS系统是确定特定miRNA或miRNA家族功能的强大遗传工具。 图3 显示了PVX-STTM…

Discussion

我们提出了一种基于PVX的miRNA沉默系统,通过将STTM设计整合到PVX载体中来表征马铃薯中内源性miRNA的功能。VbMS系统被证明可以有效地沉默马铃薯中的miRNA165/166,马铃薯是跨植物物种的高度保守的miRNA家族。

TM方法已被开发用于干扰基于人工miRNA靶标模拟的miRNA的表达,该拟态旨在在miRNA互补序列内的预期切割位点处创建不匹配环,从而导致靶向miRNA的封存并阻止其活性<sup class="xr…

Offenlegungen

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们感谢清华大学的廖玉乐博士提供PVX-LIC载体。这项工作得到了德克萨斯州A&M AgriLife Research的启动基金和美国农业部国家食品和农业研究所的Hatch Project TEX0-1-9675的支持。

Materials

100 µM dATP and 100 µM dTTP Omega Bio-tek, Inc., Norcross, Norcross, GA 30071 , USA TQAC136
3 M Sodium acetate, pH 4.0. Teknova, Hollister, CA 95023, USA #S0297
Acetosyringone TCI America, Portland, OR 97203, USA D2666-25G
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains: GV3101, GV2260 or EHA105.
Chloroform VWR Corporate, Radnor, PA 19087-8660, USA VWRV0757-950ML
Dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO TCI America, Portland, OR 97203, USA D0798-25G
DTT VWR Corporate, Radnor, PA 19087-8660, USA VWRV0281-25G
E. coli DB3.1 for maintenance of PVX-LIC and pTRV2e containing the ccdB gene
E. coli DH5α for the destination constructs generated by LIC cloning
Fertilizer: Peters Peat Lite Special 15-0-15 Dark Weather Feed ICL Specialty Fertilizers, Summerville, SC 29483, USA G99260
High fidelity PCR reagents: KAPA HiFi DNA Polymerase with dNTPs Roche Sequencing and Life Science, Kapa Biosystems,
Wilmington, MA, USA
7958960001
Isoamyl alcohol VWR Corporate, Radnor, PA 19087-8660, USA VWRV0944-1L
Koptec Pure Ethanol – 200 Proof Decon Labs, King of Prussia, PA 19406 , USA V1005M
MES TCI America, Portland, OR 97203, USA M0606-250G
MgCl2 ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA 02451, USA MFCD00149781
M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723 USA M0253L
Nano-drop spectrometer: NanoDrop OneC Microvolume UV-Vis Spectrophotometer with Wi-Fi ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA 02451, USA ND-ONEC-W
PCR machine: Bio-Rad MyCycler PCR System Bio-Rad, Hercules, California 94547, USA 170-9703
PCR machine: Eppendorf Mastercycler pro Eppendorf, Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA 950030010
pH meter Sper Scientific, Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA Benchtop pH / mV Meter – 860031
Phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), pH 6.7/8.0. VWR Corporate, Radnor, PA 19087-8660, USA VWRV0883-400ML
Phytagel: Gellan Gum Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA 01876, USA J63423-A1
PVX VIGS vector: PVX-LIC Zhao et al., 2016
Real-time PCR machine: QuantStudio 6 Flex Real-Time PCR System ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA 02451, USA 4485697
Real-time PCR reagent: KAPA SYBR® FAST qPCR Master Mix (2x) Kit Roche Sequencing and Life Science, Kapa Biosystems,
Wilmington, MA 01887, USA
7959389001
Restriction enzyme: SmaI New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723 USA R0141S
Reverse transcription reagents: qScript cDNA SuperMix Quanta BioSciences, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 , USA 95107-100
RNA extraction Kit: E.Z.N.A. Plant RNA Kit Omega Bio-tek, Inc., Norcross, Norcross, GA 30071 , USA SKU: D3485-01
RNase Inhibitor Murine New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723 USA M0314L
RNAzol RT Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA R4533
Soil: Metro-Mix 360 Sun Gro Horticulture, Agawam, MA 01001-2907, USA Metro-Mix 360
T4 DNA polymerase and buffer New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723 USA M0203S

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Zhao, J., Rios, C. G., Song, J. Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing (VbMS) In Potato.. J. Vis. Exp. (159), e61067, doi:10.3791/61067 (2020).

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