Chapter 2
Adverse Drug Effects and Chemical Toxicity
![Pharmacovigilance](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14384.jpg)
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a…
![Drug Dependence](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14385.jpg)
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently…
![Types of Toxins](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14387.jpg)
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation,…
![Toxic Reactions: Overview](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14388.jpg)
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive…
![Teratogenicity](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14391.jpg)
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity,…
![Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14392.jpg)
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for…
![Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity <em>In Vitro</em>](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/63389_t.png)
Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
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DILI is a major cause of attrition in drug development with over 1000 FDA-approved drugs known to potentially cause DILI in humans. Unfortunately,…
![Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/3263_t.png)
Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Hypersensitivity reactions against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like propyphenazone (PP) and diclofenac (DF) can manifest as Type…