Chapter 6
DNA Replication
![Replication in Prokaryotes](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10788.jpg)
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to…
![Replication in Eukaryotes](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10789.jpg)
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity…
![The DNA Replication Fork](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11548.jpg)
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a…
![Proofreading](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10790.jpg)
Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA…
![DNA Helicases](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11551.jpg)
DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from…
![Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12223.jpg)
For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single…
![Mismatch Repair](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10791.jpg)
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires…
![DNA Topoisomerases](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11554.jpg)
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These…
![Non-nuclear Inheritance](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11007.jpg)
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and…
![Animal Mitochondrial Genetics](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11557.jpg)
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded,…
![Kinetics of Lagging-strand DNA Synthesis <em>In Vitro</em> by the Bacteriophage T7 Replication Proteins](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/55312_t.png)
Here we provide protocols for the kinetic examination of lagging-strand DNA synthesis in vitro by the replication proteins of bacteriophage T7. The…
![Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/50246_t.png)
Telomeres are repeating DNA sequences at the tip ends of the chromosomes that are diverse in length and in humans can reach a length of 15,000 base…