University Hospital of Modena 2 articles published in JoVE Medicine Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach Marella Reale1, Ignacio Javier Fernandez2, Livio Presutti2, Giulia Molinari2 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Specialist, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University The aim of this article is to provide a step-by-step method for endoscopic stapes surgery from operating room setting and patient positioning to post-operative care. This work would represent a guide for any otologic surgeon who is willing to treat otosclerosis with endoscopic transcanal technique. Medicine Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual Lukas Anschuetz1,2, Livio Presutti2, Daniele Marchioni3, Marco Bonali2, Wilhelm Wimmer1,4, Domenico Villari2, Marco Caversaccio1,4 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Verona, 4Artificial Hearing Research, Artorg Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern The aim of this article is to describe the methodology of exclusively endoscopic cadaveric middle ear dissection. Moreover, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide to endoscopic middle ear anatomy.