First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University 2 articles published in JoVE Biology Isolation, Purification, and Differentiation of Osteoclast Precursors from Rat Bone Marrow Lining Wang1,2, Suyang Zheng1,2, Yang Guo1,2, Yalan Pan1,2, Jie Sun1,2, Weimin Xu1,2, Jinlan Lu3, Weidong Li3, Yong Ma1,2,4 1Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 2TCM Nursing Intervention Laboratory of Chronic Disease Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 3Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 4Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Osteoclasts are tissue-specific macrophage polykaryons derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage of hematopoietic stem cells. This protocol describes how to isolate bone marrow cells so that large quantities of osteoclasts are obtained while reducing the risk of accidents found in traditional methods. Immunology and Infection Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies Yong Gu1,2, Zhiyuan Zhao1, Dongmei Miao1, Hilary High1, Tao Yang2, Liping Yu1 1Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, 2Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Here, we presented the methods to detect human islet autoantibodies using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays. The protocol, used to predict type 1 diabetes, can be expanded upon to detect autoantibodies for other autoimmune diseases.