The established technique to inoculate primary invasive orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts requires laparotomy and mobilization of the bladder. This procedure inflicts significant morbidity on the mice, is technically challenging and time-consuming. We therefore developed a high-precision, percutaneous approach utilizing ultrasound guidance.
Jäger, W., Moskalev, I., Janssen, C., Hayashi, T., Gust, K. M., Awrey, S., Black, P. C. Minimally Invasive Establishment of Murine Orthotopic Bladder Xenografts. J. Vis. Exp. (84), e51123, doi:10.3791/51123 (2014).