JoVE Journal > Behavior
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
Discussion
Disclosures
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
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行为学

在强迫游泳试验作为抑郁样行为的模型

Published: March 02, 2015
doi:
10.3791/52587
, , ,
1School of Psychological Sciences,Tel-Aviv University, 2School of Behavioral Sciences,Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, 3Department of Education and Psychology,The Open University of Israel, 4School of Health and Life Sciences,Hadassah Academic College

Summary

This protocol describes the forced swim test, which is used for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This procedure involves placing an animal in a container filled with water that eventually will lead to the exhibition of immobility behavior, which is considered to reflect behavioral despair.

Abstract

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is based on the assumption that when placing an animal in a container filled with water, it will first make efforts to escape but eventually will exhibit immobility that may be considered to reflect a measure of behavioral despair. This test has been extensively used because it involves the exposure of the animals to stress, which was shown to have a role in the tendency for major depression. Additionally, the FST has been shown to share some of the factors that are influenced or altered by depression in humans, including changes in food consumption, sleep abnormalities and drug-withdrawal-induced anhedonia. The main advantages of this procedure are that it is relatively easy to perform and that its results are easily and quickly analyzed. Moreover, its sensitivity to a broad range of antidepressant drugs that makes it a suitable screening test is one of the most important features leading to its high predictive validity. Despite its appeal, this model has a number of disadvantages. First, the issue of chronic augmentation is problematic in this test because in real life patients need to be treated for at least several weeks before they experience any relief from their symptoms. Last, due to the aversiveness of the FST, it is important to take into account possible influences it might have on brain structure/function if brain analyses are to be carried out following this procedure.

Introduction

抑郁症是一种威胁生命的精神疾病和重大公共卫生与5％的发病率和15-20％的终生患病率全世界关注。此外，据估计，到2020年，抑郁症将成为前三名贡献者疾病1,2的负担。抑郁症与残疾有关，生活质量下降，增加的与健康相关的费用和被认为是一个主要的危险因素，许多疾病，包括心血管，代谢和神经精神障碍。当前3,4-药理治疗性治疗具有有限的功效，并与相关联许多有害的副作用5,6。因此，更好地了解这种疾病与旁边的创新和改进的治疗的发展的病理生理机制仍然是至关重要的。因此，动物模型是在这一领域研究的推进至关重要。

有用于这种疾病的研究（很多车型<EM>如蔗糖偏爱测试中，悬尾试验）与强迫游泳试验（FST，也被称为该模型7,8的显影剂后Porsolt检验）是最常用的测定法7,9-12之一。

在FST的动物被放置在一个装有水的容器从它无法逃脱。动物会先试图逃跑，但最终还是会表现出不动（ 即浮动没有任何运动，除了那些必要保持露出水面的鼻子）。在FST是一种非常流行的模型在动物研究有许多原因。首先，它涉及到动物的暴露于压力，这显示出具有在倾向作用为主要抑郁12-14。而且抑郁症通常被视为缺乏能力处理压力15-17。第二，与测试前抗抑郁药物治疗已经显示出，以减少不动在FST <SUP> 18-23。因此，它经常被用作用于具有潜在的抗抑郁性质15-17,24新型化合物的筛选测定法。此外，在FST已显示分享一些被影响或在人类中由凹陷改变，如改变食物消耗，睡眠异常和因素药物戒断诱发的快感缺乏15-17,24。这也是为什么这种测试有时用于评价在突变小鼠抑郁样行为，以增加或减少在基底不动的原因（比'野生型'只小鼠）25,26。

Protocol

注：所有的实验方案批准了以色列国际委员会动物护理和使用。所作的所有努力，尽量减少使用动物和他们的痛苦的数量。 1.准备了强迫游泳实验使用两个相邻的房间。使用一个室作为“候车室”用于保持所述动物前行为测试，以及其它用于执行的程序。 制备透明圆筒形玻璃容器（集装箱的数目的唯一限制是可用的空间）测定在50厘米的高度和直径为20厘米。 <…

Representative Results

下面的结果是基于从我们的实验室未公布的数据。在该实验中，成年ICR雌性小鼠3周的选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂（SSRI），依他普仑或新的草药抗抑郁和抗焦虑治疗（NHT）的治疗后进行了测试（用于与草药治疗的其他信息，参见第12 ，27,28）。单向方差分析表明，在治疗减压抑郁样行为在FST [F（2.58）= 4.88，P <0.05]。片面邓尼特分析表明，与任一依他普仑或NHT治疗在FST（参照图1A，</s…

Discussion

在FST用于监视抑郁样行为并基于该动反射行为绝望3的量度的假设。此过程的主要优点在于它的相对容易的操作和快速的结果。此外，它的一个广泛的抗抑郁药，它使一个合适的筛选试验的灵敏度是最重要的特性，导致其高的预测效度29之一。重要的是，该测试也可以在不旨在用于治疗抑郁症，例如苯二氮类，它已显示出具有抗焦虑作用3,30药物之间区分。在FST中抑郁，这也…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 738/11), by the National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel (NIPI-7-2011-12), and by the Open University Foundation

Materials

Name of Material/ Equipment Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
Computer Dell intel(r) core(tm) i3-2120 cpu @ 3.30ghz, 4GB ram
Camera VIDO AU-CB422 B/W CCD CAMERA 
http://www.vido-europe.com/products_detail.asp?id=33&pcategory=2
Coding software Biobserve FST Analysis
http://www.biobserve.com/products/fst/index.html
Heating lamp Ikea AA-19025-3 ESPRESSIVIO 400.504.46 - 20W G4 Bulb 
http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/customer_service/assembly/E/E00050467.pdf
Heating pillow Sachs EF-188B 38*38cm Heating pillow
http://www.sachs.co.il/eng/lego_tree.php?instance_id=21&actions=show&id=
604
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Tags

Forced Swim TestDepressive-like BehaviorRodent ModelBehavioral DespairStressAntidepressant DrugsPredictive ValidityChronic AugmentationBrain Structure/function

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Yankelevitch-Yahav, R., Franko, M., Huly, A., Doron, R. The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior. J. Vis. Exp. (97), e52587, doi:10.3791/52587 (2015).
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