Box plots (also called box-and-whisker plots or box-whisker plots) give an excellent graphical image of the concentration of the data. They also show how far the extreme values are from most data. A box plot is constructed from five values: the minimum value, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum value. We use these values to compare how close other data values are to them. To construct a box plot, use a horizontal or vertical number line and a rectangular box. The smallest and largest data values label the endpoints of the axis. The first quartile marks one end of the box, and the third quartile marks the other end of the box. Approximately the middle 50 percent of the data falls inside the box. The "whiskers" extend from the ends of the box to the smallest and largest data values. The median or second quartile can be between the first and third quartiles, or it can be one, the other, or both. The box plot gives a good, quick picture of the data.
This text is adapted from Openstax, Introductory Statistics, Section 2.4 Box Plots
