Chromosome segregation takes place during anaphase: when the sister-chromatids separate and the individual chromatids move toward the opposite poles of the cell. Anaphase progression constitutes two independent but overlapping processes: Anaphase A and Anaphase B. During Anaphase A, in the absence of sister-chromatid cohesion, two poleward forces act on the chromosomes. Microtubule plus-end depolymerization at the kinetochore produces a poleward force. Microtubule flux, from minus-end depolymerization, also generates a poleward force. The combination of these two poleward forces, accompanied by a shortening of the kinetochore-microtubules, pulls the individual chromatids toward the spindle poles. As the daughter chromosomes move toward the poles, Anaphase B commences, and the spindle poles are separated, elongating the spindle. The motor proteins, kinesin-5, and dynein, drive the separation of the spindle-poles. Kinesin-5 motor proteins cross-link the plus ends of overlapping interpolar microtubules. These plus-end-directed motor proteins generate a backward force along the microtubules pushing the spindle poles apart. Dynein motor proteins link astral microtubule plus-ends with the cell-cortex components. These minus-end-directed motor proteins generate a force, pulling the spindle poles towards the cell-cortex.