Chapter 27
Direct-Current Circuits
![Electromotive Force](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13752.jpg)
Electromotive force (emf) is the force that causes current to flow from a higher to a lower potential. The term "electromotive…
![Resistors In Series](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13753.jpg)
A resistor is an ohmic device that limits the flow of charge in a circuit. Most circuits have more than one resistor. If several resistors are…
![Combination Of Resistors](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13755.jpg)
Electrical devices in any circuit can be connected either by series or parallel connections. Additionally, circuits can be connected involving both…
![Kirchhoff's Rules](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13756.jpg)
Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887) devised two rules known as Kirchhoff's rules to analyze complex circuits, which cannot be analyzed with…
![DC Battery](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14190.jpg)
A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current…
![Multiple Voltage Sources](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14191.jpg)
Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
In…
![Ammeter](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13759.jpg)
An ammeter is a current measuring instrument. In the circuit, it is represented by the symbol A. The ammeter is placed in series with the device or…
![Voltmeter](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13760.jpg)
A voltmeter is an electrical device that measures the potential difference or voltage between two points. It is connected in parallel with the…
![Wheatstone Bridge](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14193.jpg)
An ohmmeter is a resistance-measuring device. It works by applying a voltage to a resistor of unknown resistance and measuring the current across the…
![Power Dissipated in a Circuit: Problem Solving](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14195.jpg)
The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on their values and how they are connected.
The simplest combinations of resistors…
![RC Circuits: Discharging A Capacitor](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13762.jpg)
One of the applications of an RC circuit is the relaxation oscillator. The relaxation oscillator comprises a voltage source, a capacitor, a resistor,…
![Applications of RC Circuits](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14194.jpg)
A relaxation oscillator is one of the applications of RC circuits. A neon lamp relaxation oscillator comprises a capacitor, a resistor, a voltage…
![A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/58552_t.png)
A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins
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To date, more than 50% of all pharmacological drugs target the transport kinetics of membrane proteins. The electrophysiological characterization of…
![Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/2325_t.png)
Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises
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This is a demonstration of how electrical models can be used to characterize biological membranes. This exercise also introduces biophysical…